Topics In The Theory Of Random Noise Volumes 1 & 2 – Stratonovich

In this post, we will see two volume book titled Topics In The Theory Of Random Noise by R. L. Stratonovich.

About the books

The present book, in two volumes, is concerned with a variety of topics which have been left to one side, as it were, but which are nevertheless of great practical importance. In particular, we have in mind problems involving the effects of noise on electronic relays and vacuum- tube oscillators. Recently, there has been increased interest in the oper­ation of switching devices and self-excited systems, not only because of the development of methods of coherent radar detection, but also in connection with such problems as increasing the accuracy of time measurements, designing particle accelerators and computing ma­chines, etc. However, the journal literature in these new fields of statistical radio engineering is hard to penetrate. In the present book, noise in relays and oscillators is studied in an organized fashion, from a rather general point of view. Material that can be found in the literature has been systematized, and the results of some original investigations by the author have been included. The physical treatment of the results obtained may be a bit sketchy, but it seems to us that brevity coupled with wide coverage is justified in this instance, since the rapid growth in the total number of published papers has increased the need for some kind of survey, even one resembling a handbook.

Part I of Volume I is devoted to a review of the mathematical results used later in the book. In many places, it has seemed appropriate, for the sake of brevity, to depart from the usual presentation of the basic concepts and results of probability theory. The reader who is not familiar with this necessary background material can refer to any one of a number of textbooks. Those already acquainted with elementary probability theory will find that Part 1 contains a different treatment of certain well-known topics, in addition to some new results. In fact, Part I ought not to be devoid of interest even to mathematicians, provided, of course, that they make due allowances for the heuristic level of rigor adopted.

In Volume I, Part 2 and in Volume II, we systematically use the methods just enumerated to solve specific problems of statistical radio engineering. At the same time, we try to explain the conditions under which the various methods of analyzing noise phenomena are appli­cable. Perhaps some of the methods are given in more detail than is necessary for immediate applications3but this is done with a view to further development of the tools needed for future work. It is reason­able to expect that the progressively more complicated problems which come up in engineering practice will require the use of progressively more sophisticated methods of analysis. The author will regard his task as accomplished if this book serves in some measure to broaden the theoretical outlook of radio scientists, by helping them master certain methods which they may find novel at first. Although the material given here is intended primarily for specialists in the field of statistical radio engineering, it should also interest scientists working in other fields where similar statistical methods can be profitably used.

The book was translated from Russian by Richard A. Silverman and were published in 1963 and 1967.

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Contents

Volume 1

 

Part 1 — GENERAL THEORY OF RANDOM PROCESSES

Chapter 1. Random Functions and Their Statistical Characteristics 3

Chapter 2. Stationary Random Processes and Spectral Densities 21

Chapter 3. Gaussian and Non-Gaussian Random Processes. Quasi-Moment Functions 39

Chapter 4. Markov Processes and Related Processes 55

Chapter 5. Nonstationary Random Processes 131

Chapter 6. Systems of Random Points and Related Random Functions 143

Chapter 7. Narrow-Band Random Processes 177

Part 2 — NONLINEAR TRANSFORMATIONS OF SIGNALS AND NOISE

Chapter 8. Zero-Memory Nonlinear Transformations 206

Chapter 9. Nonlinear transformations with memory, Detection of Random Signals 245

Bibliography 287

Volume 2

Part 1 — PEAKS OF RANDOM FUNCTIONS AND THE EFFECT OF NOISE ON RELAYS

Chapter 1. The Mean Number of Peaks of a Random Function 3

Chapter 2. The Duration of Peaks of a Markov Process 21

Chapter 3. Smoothly Varying Noise and its Effect on Relays 51

Part 2 — NONLINEAR SELF-EXCITED OSCILLATIONS IN THE PRESENCE OF NOISE

Chapter 4. Basic Equations Describing the Operation of an Oscillator in the Presence of Noise 87

Chapter 5. Methods of Solving the Simplified Equations 120

Chapter 6. Effect of Weak Internal Noise on an Oscillator 147

Chapter 7. Effect of Strong External Noise on an Oscillator 170

Chapter 8. Effect of Slowly Varying Ambient Noise on an Oscillator 193

Chapter 9. Synchronization of an Oscillator in the Presence of Noise 222

Chapter 10. Parametric Oscillations 277

Bibliography 323

Index 327

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Bees – Khalifman

In this post, we will see the book Bees by I. Khalifman.

About the book

Today: bee-science is no longer what it used to be. The strict methods of biological analysis on which research has been based have armed experimenters with new facts. Precision technique in experiments and laboratory equipment has allowed deeper penetration into the substance of phenomena and processes. Thanks to this. new knowledge is being accumulated at a rate hitherto unknown. The last discoveries of bee-science are a clear illustration of how the materialistic teaching of Pavlov, merging with Michurin’s teachings in the broad unity of Soviet agrobiology, are enriching theory and showing the way to the transformation of living nature for the benefit of socialist society.

Work on this book was started before the war at an experimental apiary in Zvenigorod, where research in connection with the training of bees was carried out under the direction of Professor A. F. Gubin. But not until 1949 was the book completed at the apiary of the experimental husbandry under the Lenin Academy of Agricultural Science in Gorki Leninskiye.

The illustrations in this edition are original drawings made
by A. Sementsov-Ogiyevsky or drawings by other artists copied by him from various special publications dealing with the biology of bees. The bees represented in the drawings are magnified as compared with the flowers.

The book was translated from Russian (translator’s name is not given) was published in 1951 by Foreign Languages Publishing House

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Contents

FIRST ACQUAINTANCE WITH THE HIVE 9

UNDER THE MAGNIFYING GLASS 28

THE NEST OF THE FOUR-WINGED 66

A LIVING BRUSH 105

A TURN OF THE SPIRAL 134

THE WAY TO NECTAR 176

FROM THE FLOWERS TO THE HIVE 223

SWARMING SEASON 205

DIRECTED FLIGHT 287

A PEEP INTO THE FUTURE 331

 

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Childhood, Boyhood, Youth – Lev Tolstoi

In this post, we will see the trilogy Childhood, Boyhood, Youth by Lev Tolstoi.

About the book

Leo Tolstoy began his trilogy, Childhood, Boyhood, Youth, in his early twenties. Although he would in his old age famously dismiss it as an ‘awkward mixture of fact and fiction’, generations of readers have not agreed, finding the novel to be a charming and insightful portrait of inner growth against the background of a world limned with extraordinary clarity, grace and colour. Evident too in its brilliant account of a young person’s emerging awareness of the world and of his place within it are many of the stances, techniques and themes that would come to full flower in the immortal War and Peace and Anna Karenina, and in the other great works of Tolstoy’s maturity.

The book was translated from Russian (translator’s name is not mentioned)  and was designed by D. Bisti. The book was published in 1963 by Foreign Languages Publishing House.

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Contents

CHILDHOOD

Chapter I. The Tutor, Karl Ivanich 11
Chapter II. Mamma 17
Chapter III. Papa 20
Chapter IV. Lessons 24
Chapter V. The Pilgrim 28
Chapter VI. Preparations for the Hunt 33
Chapter VII, The Hunt 35
Chapter VIII. Games 40
Chapter 1X. Something Like First Love 42
Chapter X. What Kind of a Man Was My Father? 44
Chapter XI. In the Study and the Drawing Room 46
Chapter XII. Grisha 50
Chapter XIII. Natalya Savishna 53
Chapter XIV. Parting 57
Chapter XV. Childhood 62
Chapter XVI. Verses 65
Chapter XVII. Princess Kornakova 71
Chapter XVIII, Prince Ivan Ivanich 75
Chapter XIX. The Ivins 80
Chapter XX. We Have Visitors 87
Chapter XXI. Before the Mazurka 92
Chapter XXII, The Mazurka 96
Chapter XXIII. After the Mazurka 99
Chapter XXIV. In Bed 103
Chapter XXV. The Letter 105
Chapter XXVI. What Awaited Us in the Country 110
Chapter XXVII. Sorrow 113
Chapter XXVIII. The Last Sad Memories 118

BOYHOOD

Chapter I. A Journey without Relays 131
Chapter II. The Thunder-Storm 138
Chapter III. New Views 143
Chapter IV. In Moscow 147
Chapter V. The Elder Brother 149
Chapter VI. Masha 152
Chapter VII. Shot 154
Chapter VIII. Karl Ivanich’s. History 158
Chapter IX. Continuation of the Preceding 162
Chapter X. Continuation 166
Chapter XI. Bad Marks 168
Chapter XII. The Little Key 174
Chapter XIII. The Traitress 176
Chapter XIV. Eclipse 178
Chapter XV. Reverie 181
Chapter XVI. No Meal without Grinding 185
Chapter XVII. Hatred 190
Chapter XVIII. The Maids’ Room 192
Chapter XIX. Boyhood 197
Chapter XX. Volodya 201
Chapter XXI. Katenka and Lyubochka 204
Chapter XXII. Papa 206
Chapter XXIII Grandmamma 209
Chapter XXIV. I 211
Chapter XXV. Volodya’s Friends 212
Chapter XXVI. Discussions 214
Chapter XXVII. The Beginning of Friendship 219

YOUTH

Chapter I. What I Consider the pean of My Youth 225
Chapter II. Spring 226
Chapter III. Reveries 230
Chapter IV. Our Family Circle 234
Chapter V. Rules Bon 238
Chapter VI. Confession 240
Chapter VII. The Trip to the Monastery 242
Chapter VIII. A Second Confession 246
Chapter 1X. How I Prepare for Examination 248
Chapter X. The History Examination 251
Chapter XI. The Mathematics Examination 256
Chapter XII, The Latin Examination 260
Chapter XIII. I Am Grown Up 263
Chapter XIV. How Volodya and Dubkov Occupied Themselves 269
Chapter XV. My Success Is Celebrated 273
Chapter XVI. The Quarrel 277
Chapter XVII. I Prepare To Pay Some Calls 282
Chapter XVIII. The Valakhins 285
Chapter XIX. The Kornakovs 291
Chapter XX, The Ivins 294
Chapter XXI. Prince Ivan Ivanich 298
Chapter XXII. An Intimate Conversation with My Friend 301
Chapter XXIII. The Nekhlyudovs 306
Chapter XXIV. Love 311
Chapter XXV. I Become Better Acquainted 316
Chapter XXVI. I Show Myself at my Best 321
Chapter XXVII. Dmitri 325
Chapter XXVIII. In the Country 330
Chapter XXIX. Our Attitude to the Girls 335
Chapter XXX. My Occupations 340
Chapter XXXI. Comme II Faut 344
Chapter XXXII. Youth 347
Chapter XXXIII. Neighbours 354
Chapter XXXIV. Father’s Marriage 358
Chapter XXXV. How We Received the News 362
Chapter XXXVI. University 367
Chapter XXXVII. Affairs of the Heart 372
Chapter XXXVIII. Society 375
Chapter XXXIX, The Carouse 378
Chapter XL. My Friendship with the Nekhlyudovs 382
Chapter XLI. My Friendship with Nekhlyudov 386
Chapter XLII. The Stepmother 391
Chapter XLII. New Comrades 397
Chapter XLIV. Zukhin and Semenov 404
Chapter XLV. I Fail 410

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General Chemistry – Glinka

In this post, we will see the book General Chemistry by N. Glinka.

About the book

This is a translation of textbook “General Chemistry” for students in non-chemical colleges of the USSR. It may be used as a supplementary reading materials for technical school students specializing in chemistry and for persons studying the subject by the way of self-education.

The book was translated from Russian by David Sobolev was published in 1958 by Foreign Languages Publishing House.

PS: Scan quality is not great but is mostly readable, OCR result has been horrible.

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Contents

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION 11
CHAPTER II. ATOMS AND MOLECULES
CHAPTER III. PERIODIC LAW OF MENDELEYEV 76
CHAPTER IV. ATOMIC STRUCTURE 94
CHAPTER V. STRUCTURE OF MOLECULES 120
CHAPTER VI. STRUCTURE OF SOLID SUBSTANCES 136
CHAPTER VII. DEVELOPMENT OF THE PERIODIC LAW 150
CHAPTER VIII. CHEMICAL KINETICS AND CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM 174
CHAPTER IX. HYDROGEN 190
CHAPTER X. WATER. SOLUTIONS 203
CHAPTER XI. PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS 223
CHAPTER XII. THEORY OF ELECTROLYTIC DISSOCIATION 234
CHAPTER XIII. AIR. THE INERT GASES 283
CHAPTER XIV. THE HALOGENS 290
CHAPTER XV. THE OXYGEN GROUP 317
CHAPTER XVI. THE NITROGEN GROUP 357
CHAPTER XVII. THE CARBON GROUP 399
CHAPTER XVIII. GENERAL PROPERTIES OF METALS 490
CHAPTER XIX. FIRST GROUP OF THE PERIODIC TABLE 529
CHAPTER XX. THEORY OF FORMATION OF COMPLEX COMPOUNDS 555
CHAPTER XXI. SECOND GROUP OF THE PERIODIC TABLE 565
CHAPTER XXII. THIRD GROUP OF THE PERIODIC TABLE 584
CHAPTER XXIII. METALS OF THE FOURTH AND FIFTH GROUPS OF THE PERIODIC TABLE 597
CHAPTER XXIV. METALS OF THE SIXTH AND SEVENTH GROUPS OF THE PERIODIC TABLE 617
CHAPTER XXV. EIGHTH GROUP OF THE PERIODIC TABLE 631
CHAPTER XXVI. ATOMIC NUCLEUS 652
Appendix. Transformations of Radioactive Elements 671

 

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Senior Physics 1 and 2

In this post, we will see the two volume book Senior Physics.

Volume 1 of the book was written by I. K. Kikoin and A. K. Kikoin, while Volume 2 was written by B. B. Bukhovtsev, Yu. L. Klimontovich and G. Ya. Myakishev.

About the books

The two books combined cover the most basic aspects of physics at school level. Using examples from daily life they explain various physical principles and laws. Part One of Senior Physics. This part deals mainly with mechanics. Starting with kinematics and statics we take a look at dynamical aspects of motion. The later part deal with various conservation laws in mechanics and their importance. Second part of Senior Physics. This part deals with thermodynamics, molecular physics and fundamentals of electrodynamics.

The books were translated from Russian by Natalia Wadhwa and were published in 1987 (Vol 1) and 1988 (Vol 2) by Mir Publishers.

PS. I had to spent a large amount of time and effort to get these books in their present state. The original scan was of very low resolution and insanely warped. To make the books readable I had to manually clean and fix each page separately and some needed pixel level editing. Though the results are ok (not satisfactory) they still have a very large file size both files are 100+ MB, the original is about 50MB. Till we get a better scan, hold onto these.

Credits to original uploader.

You can get the Volume 1 here (cleaned/optimised) and here (original).

You can get the Volume 2 here (cleaned/optimised) and here (original)..

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Contents

Volume 1

Mechanics

Introduction 9

Fundamentals of Kinematics

1. General Concepts of Motion Basic Problem of Mechanics 11
2. Nonuniform Rectilinear Motion Velocity May Change 39
3. Curvilinear Motion 59

Fundamentals of Dynamics

4. Laws of Motion 69
5. Forces in Nature 98
6. Application of the Laws of Dynamics 120
7. Fundamentals of Statics (Equilibrium of Bodies) 158

Conservation Laws in Mechanics

8. The Law of Conservation of Momentum 173
9. The Law of Conservation of Energy 184

On the Importance of Conservation Laws 220

Conclusion 222

Practical Work 230

Answers to Exercises 241

Index 243

Volume 2

Thermal Phenomena. Molecular Physics

Introduction 9

1. Fundamentals of Molecular Kinetic Theory 13
2. Temperature. Energy of Thermal Motion of Molecules 34
3. Equation of State for an Ideal Gas. Gas Laws 47
4. The First Law of Thermodynamics 58
5. Mutual Conversion of Liquids and Gases 81
6. Surface Tension in Liquids 91
7. Solids 99

Fundamentals of Electrodynamics. What is Electrodynamics? 12

8. Electrostatics 114
9. Direct Current 163
10. Electric Current in Various Media 186
11. Magnetic Field 220
12. Electromagnetic Induction 239

Conclusion 256
Practicals 257
Answers to Exercises 263

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Foma Gordeyev by Maxim Gorky

In this post, we will see the book Foma Gordeyev by Maxim Gorky.

About the book

“Foma Gordeyev is a big book—not only is the breadth of Russia in it, but the expanse of life. Yet, though in each land, in this world of marts and exchanges, this age of trade and traffic, passionate figures rise up and demand of life what its fever is, in ‘Foma Gordeyev’ is a Russian who so rises up and demands…

One lays the book down sick at heart—sick for life with all its ‘lyings and its lusts.’ But it is a healthy book. So fearful is its portrayal of social disease, so ruthless its stripping of the painted charms from vice, that its tendency cannot but be strongly for good. It is a goad, to prick sleeping human consciences awake and drive them into the battle for humanity.” — Jack London

The book was translated from Russian by Margaret Wettlin with illustrations by Kukrynisky. The book was published as a part of Library of Selected Soviet Literature series in 1950 by Foreign Languages Publishing House.

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Electrical Machines (Volumes 1 & 2) – Ivanov-Smolensky

In this post, we will see the two volume set (out of three) Electrical Machines by A. Ivanov-Smolensky.

About the book

The book is in three volumes as fol­lows.
Volume I: Preface. Introduction. Transformers. A General Theory of Electrical Machines.
Volume II: Classification of Electrical Machines. Mechanical, Hydraulic and Thermal Analysis and Design. Induction Machi­nes. Synchronous Machines.
Volume III: D.C. and Commutator Machines. Tran­sients in Electrical Machines.
The book is intended for college and university students majoring in elec­trical-machine theory and design. It will also be useful to electrical power engineers.

The subject matter in the text is presented in the sequence
traditionally followed in the Soviet Union. It starts with
transformers, passes on to induction and synchronous
machines, d.c. machines, and concludes with a.c. commutator machines. Separate chapters are devoted to a general
theory of electrical machines, machine design and engineerIng, and transients in electrical machinery.

The electromagnetic processes that take place in electrical
machines are examined from the view-point of electro-
mechanical and mechanoelectrical energy conversion. With
such an approach, it has been possible to extend the mathematics used to both conventional and any other conceivable types of electrical machines.

In addition to electromagnetic processes, consideration
is given to the thermal, aerodynamic, hydraulic and mechanical processes associated with electromechanical and
mechanoelectric energy conversion.

In view of the importance attached to the above accompanying processes, the text discusses general aspects of
machine design and engineering.

Unfortunately we do not have Volume 3, if anyone has access to it, please post links.

The book was translated from Russian by Boris V Kuznetsov and was published in 1982 by Mir Publishers.

Credits to original uploader.

You can get the Vol. 1 here (cleaned/optimised) and here (original scan/100+MB).

You can get the Vol. 2 here (cleaned/optimised) and here (original scan/100+MB)..

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Contents

VOLUME 1

Preface 11

PART 1 TRANSFORMERS

Chapter 1 An Outline of Transformers 7

Chapter 2 Electromagnetic Processes in the Transformer at No-Load 43

Chapter 3 Electromagnetic Processes in the Transformer on
Load 56

Chapter 4 Transformation of Three-Phase Currents and Voltages 79

Chapter 5 Measurement of Transformer Quantities 99

Chapter 6 Transformer Performance on Load 106

Chapter 7 Tap Changing 113

Chapter 8 Calculation of Transformer Parameters 117

Chapter 9 Relationship Between Transformer Quantities and Dimensions 121

Chapter 10 Multiwinding Transformers. Autotransformers 125

Chapter 11 Transformers in Parallel 138

Chapter 12 Three-Phase Transformers Under Unbalanced Load 145

Chapter 13 Transients in Transformers 164

Chapter 14 Overvoltage Transients in Transformers 171

Chapter 15 Special-Purpose Transformers 177

Chapter 16 Heating and Cooling of Transformers 184

Chapter 17 Transformers of Soviet Manufacture 189

PART 2 A GENERAL THEORY OF ELECTROMECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERSION BY ELECTRICAL MACHINES

Chapter 18 Electromechanical Processes in Electrical Machines 192

Chapter 19 Production of a Periodically Varying Magnetic Field in Electrical Machines 201

Chapter 20 Basic Machine Designs 207

Chapter 21 Conditions for Unidirectional Energy Conversion by Electrical Machines 227

Chapter 22 Windings for A.C. Machines 235

Chapter 23 Calculation of the Magnetic Field in an Electrical Machine 257

Chapter 24 The Mutual Magnetic Field of a Phase Winding and Its Elements 267

Chapter 25 The Mutual Magnetic Field of a Polyphase Winding 288

Chapter 26 The Magnetic Field of a Rotating Field Winding 316

Chapter 27 Flux Linkages of and EMFs Induced by Rotating Fields 323

Chapter 28 The Inductances of Polyphase Windings 341

Chapter 29 The Electromagnetic Torque 357

Chapter 30 Energy Conversion by a Rotating Magnetic Field 372

Chapter 31 Energy Conversion Losses and Efficiency 379

Bibliography 397

Index 399

VOLUME 2

PART 3 CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTRICAL MACHINES. MECHANICAL, HYDRAULIC
AND THERMAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

Chapter 32 Basic Construction of Electrical Machines 44

Chapter 33 Construction Types of Electrical Machines 17

Chapter 34 Mechanical Design of Electrical Machines 25

Chapter 35 Thermal Analysis of the Cooling System 32

Chapter 36 Hydraulic Analysis and Design of the Cooling
System 41

Chapter 37 The Size of an Electrical Machine 47

PART 4 INDUCTION MACHINES

Chapter 38 A General Outline of Induction Machines 53

Chapter 39 Construction of Induction Machines 57

Chapter 40 Electromagnetic Processes in the Electric and Magnetic Circuits of an Induction Machine at No-Load 64

Chapter 41 Electromagnetic Processes in Induction Machines on Load 73

Chapter 42 Application of Transformer Theory to the Induction Machine 91

Chapter 43 Analytical and Graphical Determination of Electromechanical Characteristics of Induction Machines 103

Chapter 44 Starting of Induction Motors 134

Chapter 45 Steady-State Performance of Induction Motors.
Speed Control 139

Chapter 46 Unbalanced Operation of Induction Machines 155

Chapter 47 Single-Phase Induction Motors 163

Chapter 48 Special-Purpose Induction Machines 179

Chapter 49 Induction Machines for Automatic Control Applications 195

Chapter 50 Practical Induction Motors 207

PART 5 SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES

Chapter 51 A General Outline of Synchronous Machines 210

Chapter 52 Excitation Systems for Synchronous Machines 230

Chapter 53 Electromagnetic Processes in a Synchronous Machine 236

Chapter 54 MMF, Magnetic Field, EMF and Parameters of the
Armature Winding 254

Chapter 55 Electromagnetic Processes in a Synchronous Machine on Load 271

Chapter 56 Energy Conversion by a Synchronous Machine 293

Chapter 57 Characteristics of a Synchronous Generator Supplying an Isolated Load 301

Chapter 58 Parallel Operation of Synchronous Machines 323

Chapter 59 Synchronization Methods 358

Chapter 60 Instability of Synchronous Machines in Parallel Operation 376

Chapter 61 Unbalanced Operation of Synchronous Machines 387

Chapter 62 Synchronous Machines of Soviet Manufacture 405

Chapter 63 Special-Purpose Synchronous Machines 424

Bibliography 459
Index 462

 

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பொதுநிலப் பொதியியல் (General Geology) – ஓ. லாஞ்ச் (O. Lange); எம். இவனோவா (M. Ivanova); என். லெபிதெவா (N. Lebedeva)

In this post, we will see the book பொதுநிலப் பொதியியல் (General Geology) by ஓ. லாஞ்ச் (O. Lange); எம். இவனோவா (M. Ivanova); என். லெபிதெவா (N. Lebedeva).

About the book

The book is a comprehensive introduction to geology.

The book was translated from Russian to Tamil by M.S. Anand was published by Tamilnadu Textbook Society.

Original scan by Digital Library of India.

You can get the book here (cleaned/optimised) and here (original scan 525+MB).

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PS: It would be helpful if someone can check if the posted contents are correct,

Contents

‘பொருளட்க்கம்‌

பக்கம்‌
அறிமுகம்‌ க 1
புவியின்‌ பிறப்பு, அதன்‌ பெளதிக, வேதியத்‌ தன்மைகள்‌ … 7
கோளவெளியில்‌.புவி , கச 7
புவியின்‌ உருவம்‌, பெளதிகக்‌ குண்க்கள்‌ வேலயியல்‌
கூட்டு … 16
புவியின்‌ வெளிப்‌ புவிக்கோள மண்டலங்கள்‌ 30
காற்று மண்டலம்‌ 30
நீர்‌ மண்டலம்‌ 44
உயிர்‌ மண்டலம்‌ : 58
கல்‌ மண்டலம்‌ 63
ணிற்ங்ககாலப்ல்‌ றிய பொதுத்‌ தகவல்கள்‌ 65
பாறைகளைப்பற்றிய பொதுவான தகவல்கள்‌ 103
்‌ புறத்தோற்றச்‌ செயல்முறைகள்‌ 134
பன்ற வலியச்‌ 134
காற்றின்‌ நிலப்பொ தியியல்‌ இயக்கம்‌ ப …. 149
மேற்பரப்பில்‌ ஓடும்‌ நீரின்‌ நிலப்பொ தியியல்‌
இயக்கம்‌ 162
நிலநீரின்‌ நிலப்பொதியியல்‌ இயக்கம்‌ …. 185
வெண்பனி, பனிக்கட்டி ஆகியவற்றின்‌ நிலப்‌
பொதியியல்‌ இயக்கம்‌ 209
கடலின்‌ நிலப்பொதியியல்‌ இயக்கம்‌ 5

ஏரிகள்‌, சதுப்பு நிலங்களின்‌ நிலப்பொதியியல்‌ வேலை … 240
மனிதனின்‌ நிலப்பொதியியல்‌ வேலை. 245.

இருமாற்ற ஆக்கம்‌ ௨247

உள்ளாக்கச்‌ செயல்முறைகள்‌
தழலியற்‌ செயல்மை
நுழைவுத்‌ தணலியற்‌ செயல்‌
வெளி உமிழ்வுத்‌ தணலியல்‌ அல்லது எரிமலை
இயக்கம்‌
புவிப்பொருக்கின்‌ புடைபெயர்ச்சி
– நில அதிர்ச்சிகள்‌ ன்‌
கண்ட வளர்ச்சிவயப்‌ புடைபெயர்ச்சி
நில மடிப்பும்‌ முறிவும்‌
பாறை மாற்றியல்‌

 

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Theory Of Markov Processes – Dynkin

In this post, we will see the book Theory Of Markov Processes by E. B. Dynkin.

About the book

The present book aims at investigating the logical foundations of the theory of Markov random processes.
The theory of Markov processes has developed rapidly in recent years, The properties o£ the trajectories of such processes and their infinitesimal operators have been studied, and intimate connexions have been discovered
between the behaviour of the trajectories and the properties of the differential equations corresponding to the process. These connexions are useful for studying differential equations as well as Markov processes. The material thus accumulated has made necessary a critical survey of the fundamentals of the theory. In particular, the usual statement o£ the Markov principle of “absence of after-effects” has been found to be inadequate and various authors have proposed different forms for a strengthened principle whereby a process is “strictly Markov.” It has become obvious that the most natural subject for study is presented by Markov processes cut of£ at a random instant. All these and other ideas were originally introduced by different authors in different forms, according to the specific purposes of their specialized works – in which stationary Markov processes are considered almost exclusively,

This book cannot be used by the student to make his first acquaintance with the theory of Markov processes. Although we have not assumed formally any previous acquaintance with the theory of probability, in fact a reading of the book can only prove of value to someone already acquainted with an elementary exposition of the theory of Markov processes, such as is contained, for instance, in Feller’s “Introduction to probability theory and its applications,” Vol. 1 (Vvedenie v teoriyu veroyatnostei i ee prilozheniya), or Gnedenko’s “Course of probability theory” (Kurs teorii veroyatnostei).

The present work is closely allied to a monograph now in the press entitled “Infinitesimal operators of Markov processes” (Infinitezimalnye operatory markovskikh protsessov), which is devoted to the task of classifying Markov processes. The two works should be regarded as the two parts of a single monograph on the theory of Markov processes.

The present material comes from a series of papers and special courses given by the author at Moscow and Pekin universities. The author is grateful to his audience for a number of observations which he made use of during the final preparation of the manuscript.

The book was translated from Russian by D. E. Brown and edited by T. Kovary. The book was published in 1961.

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Contents

Preface vii

Chapter 1 – Introduction 1

1. Measurable spaces and measurable sets 1
2. Measures and integrals 7
3. Conditional probabilities and mathematical expectations 10
4. Topological measurable spaces 16
5. The construction of probability measures 2

Chapter 2 – Markov Processes 25

1. The definition of Markov process 25
2. Stationary Markov processes 35
3. Equivalent Markov processes 42

Chapter 3 – Subprocesses 53

1. The definition of subprocess. The connexion between subprocesses and multiplicative functionals 53
2. Subprocesses corresponding to admissible subsets, The generation of a part of a process 68
3. Subprocesses corresponding to admissible systems of subsets 73
4. The integral type of multiplicative functionals and the corresponding subprocesses 80
5. Stationary subprocesses of stationary Markov processes 83

Chapter 4 – The Construction of Markov Processes with Given Transition Functions 96

1. Definition of transition function, Examples 96
2. The construction of Markov processes with given transition function 99
3. Stationary transition functions and the corresponding stationary Markov processes 101

Chapter 5 – Strictly Markov Processes 103

1. Random variables independent of the future and s-past, Lemmas on measurability 103
2. Definition of strictly Markov process 108
3. Stationary strictly Markov processes 118
4. Weakening the form of the condition for processes continuous from the right to be strictly Markov 124
5. Strictly Markov subprocesses 128
6. Criteria for a process to be strictly Markov 134

Chapter 6 – Conditions for Boundedness and Continuity of a Markov ProceSS 142

1. Introduction 142
2. Conditions for boundedness 145
3. Conditions for continuity from the right and absence of discontinuities of the second kind 149
4. dJump-type and step processes 159
5. Continuity conditions 161
6. A continuity theorem for strictly Markov processes 167
7. Examples 170

Addendum – A Theorem Regarding the Prolongation of Capacities, and the Properties of Measurability of the Instants of First Departure 174
1. A theorem regarding the extension of capacities 174
2. Measurability theorems for the instants of first departure 183

Supplementary Notes 196
References 202
Alphabetical Index 204
Index of Lemmas and Theorems 207
Index of Notation 209

 

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Problems Of Cosmogony – Ambartsumyan et al.

In this post, we will see the book Problems Of Cosmogony Vol VIII
by V. A. Ambartsumyan et al.

 

About the book

This book is a selection of Papers, Delivered at Conference on Extragalactic Astronomy, Moscow, June 1961. The papers are on varied topics such as galactic astronomy, its origins, planets and the moon.

The book was translated from Russian by was published in  by Publishers.

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You can get the book here.

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Contents

 

 

V. A. Ambartsumyan. Problems of Extragalactic Research 2

B. A. Vorontsov-Velyaminov. On Some Aspects of Ambartsumyan’s Hypothesis on the Origin of Galaxies 27

Yu. P. Pskovskiy. Investigation of Distances, Motions and Distribution of Galaxies in a Sphere with a Radius of 15 Megaparsecs 32

N. S. Kardashev. The Interaction of the Gaseous Components
of Galaxies and Radio Galaxies with an Intergalactic Medium 48

A. Ya. Kipper. On the Gravitational Paradox 63

Articles and Surveys (Reviews)

E. A. Lubimova. Concerning the Sources of the Inner Heat
of the Earth 111

B. Yu. Levin and Ye. L. Ruskol. Review of Contemporary
Data Concerning the Moon 127

S. V. Kozlovskaya. On the Problem of the Moon’s Inner Structure 170

V. S. Safronov. On the Problem of the Rotation of Planets 177

V. S. Safronov. On the Dispersion of Velocities in Rotating Systems Gravitating Bodies with Inelastic Collisions 198

R. Ye. Gershberg. A Brief Review of Research on Morphological Characteristics of Diffuse Nebulae 212

V. I. Pronik. Electron Temperature of Gaseous Nebulae and
Methods of its Determination 228

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