Mir Books

Optimal Operation Of Power Plants And Electric Systems by V. Venikov; V, Zhuravlev; I. Fillipov

Posted on March 5, 2026 by The Mitr

This book covers the problems of optimal control of electric power stations and systems under normal conditions with the use of the management control system (MCS). Ample consideration is given to management at all stages of electric power production, including decision making and short-term planning, on-line control, environmental protection. Major attention is focused on the fundamentals of the modern theory of power system management, primarily its physical and engineering aspects. All
the topics envisage a comprehensive use of computers at different levels of management.
The book is to be an aid for students of power specialities who study the course of optimal operation of electric power stations and systems or its separate topics.

The textbook, consisting of two parts and representing the authors’combined experience in research and teaching at colleges in Moscow, Novosibirsk, and Kishinev, is intended as an aid for stu dents of power specialities. Part One deals with the peculiarities of power system control based upon management control system (MCS). Part Two is devoted to the problems of optimal operation of electric power plants and systems.

Translated from the Russian by V. Kochin

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Preface 9
Introduction 1

PART ONE
EMPLOYMENT OF MANAGEMENT CONTROL SYSTEM IN POWER AND HEAT GENERATION

1
POWER AND HEAT SYSTEMS AND THEIR OPERATION
Basic Definitions 24
Load Curves 29
Power and Energy Balance 31
Power Reserves 33
Dispatch Control 35

2
MANAGEMENT AND/OR CONTROL SYSTEMS IN THE POWER INDUSTRY
General Principles of Implementing MCS in the Power Industry 39
MCS Structure 42
Structure of PDS MCS Subsystems 48

3
MCS HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE COMPONENTS
MCS Computers 51
CSC Software 57
Modular Computers 61
Time-Sharing Computer Centers and Computer Networks 63
Organization of MCS Hardware Complex 64
Stages of Construction of RTIC 60
Frequency and Active Power Control Hardware 74
Software Features 75

4
MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF POWER SYSTEMS, PLANTS AND NETWORKS
4.1. Organization of PS MCS 78
4.2. MCS Information Software 82
4.3. MCS Typical Data Banks 87
4.4. Collection, Transmission, Input and Initial Processing of Data in MCS 89
4.5. Teleprocessing and Daily Scheduling 96
4.6. Organization of Dispatcher-Computer Dialog 99
4.7. Automated Process Control System of a Thermal Power Plant 103
4.8. Hydro Plant Management and Control System 107
4.9. Management and Control System for Electric Network Facilities and Substations 110

5
MATHEMATICAL MODELING IN POWER INDUSTRY
5.1. Production Process Variables 117
5.2. Modeling Stages 118
5.3. Complete and Simplified Models 120
5.4. Example Model 124
5.5. Peculiarities of Model Construction 126
5.6. Modeling of Continuous Production Processes 127
5.7. Adaptive Models 129
5.8. Design Models 131
5.9. Accounting for Multiple Performance Criteria 133
5.10. Accounting for Control Hierarchy in Modeling 136
5.11. Fundamentals of Hierarchical System Theory 139

PART TWO
OPTIMAL OPERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS AND PLANTS

6
OPTIMAL DISTRIBUTION OF LOAD IN POWER SYSTEM
6.1. Rational Control of Power System 144
6.2. Load Distribution Between Thermal Power Plants 149
6.3. Load Distribution in Hydro-Thermal Power System 152
6.4. Distribution of Load Between Power Plant Units 162
6.5. Distribution of Load in Power System Comprising Nuclear Plant 165
6.6. Distribution of Reactive Loads 167
6.7. Operation of Pumped Storage Plants 169
6.8. Complex Optimization of Power System Operation 171
6.9. Simplified Algorithm for Complex Optimization of Power System 176
6.10. Realization of Calculations for Optimal Distribution of Load of Power Plants and Systems 180

7
CHARACTERISTICS OF POWER PLANTS
7.1. Energy Characteristics of Equipment 186
7.2. Slewability of Thermal Power Plants 191
7.3. Equivalent Characteristics 194
7.4. Construction of Equivalent Characteristics by Dynamic Programming 197
7.5. Plotting of Equivalent Characteristics for Assigned Availability of Units 201
7.6. Construction of Equivalent Characteristics for TPPs with Lateral Coupling 205
7.7. Average Interval Characteristics 208
7.8. Statistic Characteristics 210
7.9. Approximation and Storage of Characteristics 214
7.10. Plotting of Equivalent Characteristics Accounting for Network Power Losses 223

8
SELECTION OF POWER SYSTEM UNITS
8.1. Description of Problem 227
8.2. Intra-Station Optimization 228
8.3. Selection of Units in All-Thermal System 230
8.4. Intra-Station Optimization of Hydro Plant Operation 235
8.5. Methods of Optimization of Intra-Station Conditions 238
8.6. Simplified Methods of Hydro Unit Control 242
8.7. Use of TPP Equivalent Characteristic Library 240

9
LONG-TERM OPTIMIZATION OF POWER SYSTEM
9.1. Routine Planning of System Operation 248
9.2. Optimization of Water Reservoir Conditions 249
9.3. Optimization of Water Reservoir Conditions of Isolated Hydro Plant 254
9.4. Particulars of Optimizing Cascading Hydro Plants 259
9.5. Optimal Utilization of Water Resources on Multipurpose Hydro Developments 263
9.6. Optimization of Fuel Supply 264
9.7. Long-Term Planning of System Power Balance and Power Generation 266
9.8. Optimal Scheduling of Power Equipment Repairs 270
9.9. Planning and Accounting of Repair Jobs in MCS 273
9.10. Record Keeping of Main Electrical Equipment and Control Means 274

10
SHORT-TERM OPTIMIZATION OF POWER SYSTEM
10.1. Load Distribution in Interconnected Power Systems 277
10.2. Coordination of Subsystem Operation 280
10.3. Methods of Control in Hierarchic System 281
10.4. Real-Time Control of Hydro Unit Availability and Operation 280
10.5. Estimation of Water Discharge for Spinning Reserve and Frequency Control 293

11
TECHNICO-ECONOMIC INDICES OF POWER PLANTS AND SYSTEMS
11.1. Planning in the Power Industry 301
11.2. Forecasts in Planning Calculations 300
11.3. Use of the Power Generation Balance for Planning Technico-Economic Indices 313
11.4. Automation of Planning Calculations with MCS 319

12
EFFECTIVENESS OF SOLUTION OF OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS
12.1. Goals of the Effectiveness Calculations 320
12.2. Effect of the Energy Characteristics Errors 329
12.3. Limit Error of Power Plant Characteristics 332
12.4. Accounting for Random Component in Source Information 334
12.5. Effectiveness Under Uncertainty 339
12.6. Technical and Economic Effectiveness of MCS 341
12.7. Scientific and Technological Level of MCS 343

13
ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AND OPERATION OF POWER PLANTS
13.1. Power Installations and Environment 345
13.2. Protection of Water Resources 351
13.3. Protection of Atmosphere 350
13.4. Atmospheric Emissions 357
13.5. Pollution Control Facilities in the Power Industry 360
13.6. Environmental Protection and Operation of Power Plants 361

Bibliography 304
Index 305

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In The World Of Isotopes by V. Mezentsev

Posted on March 4, 2026 by The Mitr

A little book describing basics of isotopes and their applications in various fields.

Translated from the Russian by George Yankovsky

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1. On the Threshold of a New Era 5
2. “Factories of Radioisotopes” 7
3. “Radioeyes” 12
4. Radioisotopes and Geological Prospecting 20
5. Tracer Atoms in Industry 22
6. Tracer Atoms in Chemistry 25
7. The Geological Clock 27
8. A Pocket Electric Station 32
9. The Atom in Agriculture 33
10. The Atom in Medicine 45

Posted in books, foreign languages publishing | Tagged applications of isotopes, atomic energy, atomic nucleus, chemistry, electrons, irradiation, nuclear medicine, nuclear technology, physics, popular science, radio-isotopes, soviet literature, x-rays | 2 Comments

Meteors by V. Fedynsky

Posted on March 3, 2026 by The Mitr

The aim of this booklet is to give the reader some idea of the present state of the science of meteors.

Translated from the Russian by G. Yankovsky

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Introduction 5

1. The Science of Meteors—An Historical Survey 9
2. Modern Methods of Studying Meteors 17
3. Meteors in the Earth’s Atmosphere 29
4. Meteors in the Study of the Upper Atmosphere 39
5. Meteors and Interplanetary Travel 45
6. Collisions of Meteoroids with the Earth 50
7. Meteoric Matter in the Solar System 71
8. Meteor Streams 80
9. Meteors and Other Small Bodies of the Solar System 95
10. Processes of Evolution in the System of Small Bodies of the Solar System 111
11. Dust in Interstellar Space 121

Conclusion 125

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Structural Geology by V. Belousov

Posted on March 2, 2026 by The Mitr

Structural Geology brings together in condensed form the fundamentals of the geology of primary and secondary forms of occurrence of rocks—sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic. It outlines the main principles of tectonic physics and sets out the basic mechanisms of folding and faulting. A classification of structural forms is provided, and the processes governing their historical, mechanical, and regional combinations are established. A special chapter deals with non-tectonic dislocations. The book is intended as a textbook for students of geological faculties at universities and schools of mining and geology.

Vladimir Belousov, a Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences and author of this book, is the chairman of the International Committee for Project Upper Mantle. He leads a department at the USSR Academy’s Institute of the Physics of the Earth and holds the chair of dynamic geology at Moscow State University. Professor Belousov’s primary research focuses on geotectonics and general geophysics. He has authored 200 published works, including notable titles such as Structural Geology, Types and Origin of Folding, The Earth’s Crust and the Upper Mantle of Continents, and the monograph Fundamental Problems of Geotectonics.

Translated by A. Gurevich

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Introduction 7

Chapter I
PRIMARY STRUCTURAL FORMS. General 11

Primary Structural Forms of Sedimentary Rocks 12
Primary Structural Forms of Igneous Rocks 20
Methods of Investigation of Primary Structural Forms of Igneous Rocks 33
Chapter II
SECONDARY STRUCTURAL FORMS. General 35
4. Causes of Disturbance of the Primary Structural Forms 35
5. The Principal Kinds of Dislocations 36
6. The Mechanism of Deformation 36
7. The Mechanics of Rock Failure 40

Chapter III
FOLDING 54
8. Monoclines and Flexures 54
9. Upwarps and Downwarps 55
10. The Principal Morphological Types of Folds 59
11. Relationship Between Folds of Different Strata 68
12. Morphological Types of Folding 72
13. The Methods of Study of Folding 77

Chapter IV
THE FOLDING MECHANISM AND THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF FOLDS 80
14. Kinematic Classification of Folds 80
15. Block Folding 82
16. General Crumpling 86
17. Injection Folding 94

Chapter V
DISRUPTIVE DISLOCATION OF ROCKS MORPHOLOGY 99
18. Joints 99
19. Faults 102

Chapter VI
NATURAL CONDITIONS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF DISLOCATIONS 108
20. Division of Rocks by Joints and Fractures 108
21. Development of Faults 110
22. Kinematic Classification of Faults 132
23. Deep Fractures and the Fundamental Divisibility of the Earth’s Crust 133
24. Phenomena Accompanying Faults 135
25. Study of Faults 137

Chapter VII
DISLOCATION OF IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC ROCKS 141
26. Dislocations of Igneous Rocks 141
27. Dislocations of Metamorphic Rocks 143

Chapter VIII
STRUCTURAL COMPLEXES 153
28. Historical Combination of Structures 153
29. Mechanical Combinations 159
30. Regional Combinations 162

Chapter IX
NON-TECTONIC DISLOCATIONS 168
31. Non-uniform Compaction 168
32. Changes in the Volume of Rocks due to Physico-Chemical Processes 169
33. Enveloping 172
34. Squeezing Under Non-uniform Load 174
35. Weathering 175
36. Bending of Strata on Slopes 176
37. Karsting 176
38. Landslides and Rock Falls 176
39. The Action of Glaciers and Permafrost 176

Subject Index 177

Posted in books | Tagged 1968, dislocation of rocks, dislocations, folding mechanisms, geology, plate tectonics, rocks, soviet literature, structural complexes, structural forms | 1 Comment

Mathematical Aspects Of Computer Engineering by V.P. Maslov (Ed.); K.A. Volosov ( Ed.)

Posted on March 1, 2026 by The Mitr

The present collection of articles is the result of many years of research conducted by our team into various aspects of designing and building the component base of promising high-speed computational systems. The articles deal with the following topics: (a) the optimal design and functioning of parallel computational systems, (b) the optimal recognition of optical and acoustic fields in synthesizing an optimal dynamic analyzer, and (c) the modeling of nonlinear transfer processes in the component base of a computer. We discuss new mathematical methods that can be applied in solving specific problems arising in the construction of mathematical models for handling the above-mentioned three topics. Although various countries have developed devices and technological processes for creating new generations of computers, there is still no general theoretical approach. In this respect the present collection fills an important gap in the literature on the subject. All results set forth in this collection are new and obtained only recently.

Series: Advances in Science and Technology in the USSR
Mathematics and Mechanics Series

Translated from Russian by Eugene Yankovsky

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Preface 7

1. Design of Computational Media: Mathematical Aspects
by Avdoshin, V. V., Belov, V.P., Maslov, and A. M. Chehotarev 9
1.0 A Brief Survey 9
1.1 The Theory of Linear Equations in Semi-modules 22
1.2 Analysis of Discrete Computational Media 72
1.3 Optimization Problems of Functioning of Computational Systems 106
1.4 Flexible Automatic Manufacturing of Computational Media 116
1.5 Algorithms for Solving the Generalized Bellman Equation 127
References 142

2. Design of the Optimal Dynamic Analyzer: Mathematical Aspects of Sound and Visual Pattern Recognition
by V.P. Belavkin and V. P. Maslov 146
2.0 A Brief Survey 146
2.1 Representation and Measurement of Acoustic Signals and Optical Fields 149
2.2 Optimal Detection and Discrimination of Acoustic Signals and Optical Field 173
2.3 Effective Measurement and Estimation of Parameters of Acoustic Signals and Optical Fields 209
References 236

3. Mathematical Models in Computer-component Technology: Asymptotic Methods of Solution
by V. G. Danilov, V. P. Maslov, and K. A. Volosov 238
3.0 A Brief Survey 238
3.1 Models of Stages of Production and the Functioning of Computer Components 240
3.2 Properties of Standard Equations 262
3.3 A Time-dependent Model of Thermal Oxidation of Silicon 275
3.4 Oxidation of Silicon in a Halogen-containing Medium 279
3.5 Models of Mass Transfer 299
3.6 Diffusion of Light in an Active Medium 320
3.7 Solution of Equations of the Ginzburg-Landau Type. Waves in Ferromagnetic Substances 355
3.8 Asymptotic and Characteristic Exact Solutions to Semi-linear and Quasilinear Parabolic and Hyperbolic Equations 358
References 382

Name Index 384
Subject Index 387

Posted in books | Tagged 1988, asymptotic methods, computational media, computer engineering, mathematical modelling, soviet literature | Leave a comment

What Is Good And What Is Bad? by V. Mayakovsky

Posted on February 28, 2026 by The Mitr

A little poem by Soviet poet Mayakovsky for children.

Drawings by V. Kirillov

Translated from the Russian by D. Rottenberg

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Posted in books, children's books | Tagged children's literature, illustrated books, literature, picture story book, soviet | Leave a comment

Danger From Outer Space

Posted on February 27, 2026 by The Mitr

A pamphlet with Soviet perspective on the space weapons race.

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Posted in books | Tagged 1985, arms race, international peace, soviet literature, space weapons | Leave a comment

அனைவருக்குமான உடல் இயங்கு இயல் – ப. பி. செர்கேயெவ் (Physiology For Everyone In Tamil by B. Sergeev)

Posted on February 26, 2026 by The Mitr

Our planet, Earth, is home to countless living creatures that have adapted to diverse environments—from the highest mountains to the depths of oceans, from hot deserts to Arctic ice. These organisms require food, oxygen, and the ability to reproduce for survival. The book explores Nature’s remarkable inventions that enable life to thrive, covering topics such as digestion, blood circulation, sensory receptors, brain functions, and reproduction. While humanity is just beginning to understand these natural wonders, the book aims to highlight the vast horizons of the science of living beings.

தமிழில் சுருக்கம்: எங்கள் கிரகம், பூமி, எண் இன்றி உயிரினங்களுக்கான இல்லமாகும். உயிருக்குப் பொருத்தமாக பல சூழ்நிலைகளில் மாறுபட்டு வாழ்வதில் உயிரினங்கள் திறம்பட இருக்கின்றன. உணவு, ஆக்ஸிஜன் மற்றும் இனப்பெருக்கம் அவசியம். இந்த புத்தகம், உயிரின் அறிவியல் துறையின் எண்ணற்ற நெடுஞ்சாலைகளைத் தொடர்பாக இயற்கையின் விசித்திர கண்டுபிடிப்புகளை ஆராய்கிறது, உணர்வு, இரத்தத்தைப் பரிமாற்றம் செய்வது மற்றும் மூளையின் செயல்பாடுகளைப் பற்றி விளக்குகிறது. மனிதன் இயற்கையின் நற்குணங்களைப் புரிந்துகொள்வதற்கேற்ப, இந்த புத்தகம் வாழ்க்கையின் அறிவியலைப் பற்றிய விரிவான பார்வையை வழங்குகிறது.

Translator : A. Kathiresan

மொழிபெயர்ப்பாளர்: டாக்டர் அ. கதிரேசன் மீர்

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