The Privileged Generation Children In The Soviet Union by N. Vishneva-Sarafanova

This is a book about the children of the 1980s.

The 20th century has witnessed two world wars and continuous military conflict. It is a century of technological progress that has unlocked the secrets of the atom, the mysteries of the cell, and the wonders of space. Yet, it is still unable to provide all the children in the world with food, clean water, and medical care. In other words, it is unable to guarantee their right to life.

Every second, three children are born into the world, their futures uncertain: poverty or comfort, ignorance or education, life or death.

Translated from the Russian by Galina Glagoleva
Designed by Vadim Novikov

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INTRODUCTION: THE TRAGIC PARADOX OF CHILDHOOD 5

1. PARIS AND MUTUALITE HALL 8
The Twenty-Fifth Anniversary of the Declaration of the Rights of the Child 10
A Meeting with the President 14

2. THE TOLLING BELLS OF KHATYN AND HIROSHIMA 19
Children and the War 22
The Mother Whose Son Was Killed 28
Bomber Crews Against Bombs 32
Valentina Tereshkova: We Must Preserve This Small Blue Planet 36
Conversation at Hammarskjöld Square 41

3. THE CONSTITUTION OF THE USSR: A REFLECTION OF THE CHARTER OF THE CHILD 45

4. PAGES FROM HISTORY: PROTECTION OF CHILDREN IN THE SOVIET STATE 51
The Child and Hunger: The Problem and Its Solution 52
Children Teach Their Mothers to Read and Write 54
Solving the Problem of Homeless Children 57
Anton Makarenko’s Method of Explosion 61
Children’s Homes in the USSR 69
The Ballad of a Kind Heart 73

5. MOTHERS OF THE 1980s 80
Her Work in the Sky 82
A Woman Accepts the Gagarin Mercury International Award 84
What Does Kamshat Mean? 86

6. THE HEALTHY CHILD 91
A Decree Signed by Lenin 91
A Pediatrician for Millions 94
A Shield Protecting Motherhood 102
The Sun Should Not Set Twice 106
A Citadel of Surgeons 111
A Day with Professor Tabolin 115

7. THE SOVIET FAMILY 121
One of 66 Million 123
Large Families in the USSR 131
Do We Know Our Children? 133
The Fatherless Family 137
Faina Fursova, a People’s Judge 146
Counselling for Parents 153
For the Benefit of Women and Children 155

8. THE MOST FLEXIBLE AGE 159
The Third Parent 161
Is a Person Born Talented? Is He Born Cruel or Kind? 163
An Alliance of Science and Practice 167
How Do People Become Internationalists? 172
A Discussion in Parliament 175

9. EDUCATION WITHOUT DISCRIMINATION 178
What Is New in the Soviet School System? 180
The Teacher’s Mark 186
The Metamorphosis of a Witch 189
When Parents Are Away at Work 194
20 Million Young Pioneers 196

10. THE SOVIET PEACE FUND AND CHILDREN 202

11. THE YOUTH OF THE 21st CENTURY 207

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Particles, Quanta, Waves ( Knowledge Series) by Ya.A. Smorodinsky

Ya. A. SMORODINSK.Y is a Doctor of Physico-Mathematical Sciences and Professor at the Moscow State University. He is well known in the field of mathematical physics and in nuclear and elementary physics and is also an author of many articles on popular science. For a long time Ya. A. Smorodinsky worked together with the late Academician L. D. Landau. He was awarded the State Prize. The book makes the reader acquainted with the present ‘‘state of art” and perspectives of quantum mechanics. The author exposes in original form the milestones in the history of the development of quantum-mechanical concepts and the difficulties in understanding them.
The book is intended for college students, instructors and teachers of technical and high schools, specialists and all those interested in the present state of the physical theory.

Translated from the Russian by V. Kissin

Many thanks to @life123 for the scans.

Note: There is warping in some pages but the text is clear and readable.

 

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Preface
Introduction
Motion of Celestial Bodies
What Happens Within Short Distances 12
Myriad of Twins 13
Why Electrons in the Atom Do Not Emit 14
Dimension Considerations 15
Incomprehensible Close by 18
Waves and Particles 19
Coherence 21
Planck’s Constant Enters the Theory 23
How to Trap a Quantum 24
Electron, Pauli’s Principle 26
De Broglie Waves 27
Diffraction of Electrons 29
Phonons 31
Mössbauer Effect 33
Scattering of Particles 35
Schrödinger Equation 35
Wave Function 36
Uncertainty Principle 40
What Else Is Quantized? 42
Quantization of the Projection of Angular Momentum 46
Once More on Angular Momentum 47
Line Width 48
Laws of Light Emission 51
Spontaneous and Stimulated Emission 53
Laser 53
Electrons in Solids 54
Superfluidity 55
Superconductivity 58
Superfluidity of Helium-3 59
Quantization of Magnetic Flux 59
Josephson Effect 60
The Invisible 61
Similarity in Nature 62
Elementary Particles: What We Know and What We Try to Understand 63
The 1932 Nucleus 64
Forces and Fields 66
What Does the Proton Consist of? 68
A Far-Fetched Yet Useful Analogy 70
Indistinguishable Nucleons 71
The Law of Energy Conservation in the Microcosm 72
On Coulomb’s Law and Nuclear Forces 72
The 1948 Nucleus 75
Exponential Decay 75
Baryon Charge 79
Mesons 82
Excited Nucleons 83
Hyperons 85
Excited Hyperons 88
Λ-Hyperon and Its Descendants 89
Strangeness 89
Long Lifetime of Ω 91
Quarks 92
The Baryon Decuplet 94
Do Quarks Exist? 95
π-Meson 97
Fall of 1974: New Problems 99
Weak Interactions 100
Neutrino 101
Muon 104
Charge Symmetry (C-Symmetry) 105
Spatial Symmetry (P-Symmetry) 106
Combined Symmetry (CP-Symmetry) 107
Time Symmetry (T-Symmetry) 108
Decays of π-Mesons 110
Breakdown of Charge Symmetry 112
Conclusion 113
Appendix 116

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Zoo Babies by Vera Chaplina

A captivating account of caring of baby animals by Vera Chaplina in the Moscow zoo. We hear stories of baby lioness Kinuli, and many others..

Translated from The Russian By Ivy Litvinov
Designed By Y. Korpylov
Illustrated By D. Gorlov
Photos by A. Anzhanov, P. Vorobyov and L. Zyuzin

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Contents

OUR ZOO (By Way of a Preface) 7
KINULI 17
THE WOLF’S NURSLING 85
BABY 99
FOMKA THE POLAR BEAR 108
NAYA THE OTTER 121
KUTSI 134
AN ORDINARY PUSSY 142
NURKA 148
CHUZHOI 158
LOSKA 165
ARGO 176
A BROWNIE IN THE ZOO 186
SHANGO 192

 

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Accelerators Of The Future (Knowledge Series) by V.P. Sarantsev

Translated from the Russian by A. Zdornykh

Contents

Principle of Particle Acceleration 7
Acceleration of Charged Particles by the Medium 36
Impact Coherent Acceleration 38
Radiation Acceleration of Quazi-Neutral Bunches of Particles 41

 

Note: There are some pages with black marks due to fungus, and some pages have warping, but the text is completely readable.

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Accident First Aid by V.V. Yudenich

Prompt first aid in traumas helps in saving the life of an injured person and lessens the danger of the development of grave complications. This booklet describes in detail ways and methods for rendering first aid in haemorrhages, wounds, fractures, injuries to the internal organs, burns, frostbite, electrical injuries, and so on. The booklet is intended for a broad circle of readers.

Translated from the Russian by Elena Koltsova

Traumas and the Scope of First Aid 7
Wounds and Bleeding 12
Acute Anaemia 21
Traumatic Shock 22
The Compression Syndrome 24
Fainting 24
Rules for Applying Bandages 25
First Aid in Minor Injuries 39
Snake Bites 40
Closed Injuries 41
Injuries to the Head and Face 43
Chest Injuries 46
Injury to the Abdominal Organs 49
Injuries to the Spine 50
Fractures of the Pelvis 51
Injuries to the Arms and Legs 52
Electrical Injuries 63
Burns and Scalds 64
Frostbite 68
Sunstroke and Heatstroke 69
Artificial Respiration and External
Massage of the Heart 70

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அர்தமோனவ்கள் (மூன்று தலைமுறைகள்) நாவல் – மக்ஸீம் கார்க்கி (The Artomonov’s In Tamil by Maxim Gorky)

இரண்டு முக்கிய ‘செயல்திட்ட’ றிக்கோள்கள்-“ஆன்மாவின் புத்து ர்ப்பு” ஒன்று “ஆளுமையின் அழிவு” ன்பது மற்றொன்று – கார்க்கியின் டைப்புகள் ஒவ்வொன்றிலும் இடம் பற்றிருக்கின்றன. தனி மனிதன் ஒரு ன் தனது விதியை மக்களுடைய விதி யாடு, அவர்களது விடுதலை மற்றும் மகிழ்ச்சி இவற்றிற்கான போராட்டத் தில் சேர்க்கின்ற போது அவன் ‘புத்து பிர்ப்புப்’ பெறுகிறான், இரண்டாவது பிறவி எடுக்கிறான். உலகின் பல்வேறு நாடுகளைச் சேர்ந்த லட்சோபக்கணக் கான மக்களுடைய வாழ்க்கை நூலாகி விட்ட “தாய்” என்ற நாவலில் இந் தக் கரு முக்கியமானதாக நிறைந்து நிற்கிறது. ஆனால் ஒரு தனி மனிதன் தனது விதியை மக்களினுடைய விதி யினின்றும் வேறு படுத்திக்கொள்கின்ற போது, தனது ஆளுமையை அழித்துக் கொள்கிறான். இதுவே “அர்தமோனவ் கள்” என்ற இந்த நாவலின் முக்கியக் குறிக்கோளுமாகும்.

மொழிபெயர்ப்பாளர்: நா. முகம்மது செரீபு எம்.எ.

வடிவமைப்பாளர்: அலெக்சாந்தர் பேர்தவ் > Damitr: மிகம் பெரும் ருஷ்ய எழுத்தாளரும், சோவியத் இலக்கியத்தைத் தோற்று வித்தவருமான மக்ஸீம் கார்க்கியின் (அலெக்ஸி மக்ஸீமவிச் பேஷ்கவ்) (1868-1936) பல இலக்கியப் படைப்பு கள் உலக இலக்கியத்தின் தங்கக் கரு வூலமாகத் திகழ்கின்றன. “அர்த மோனவ்கள்” அவற்றில் ஒன்று. இந்த நாவலானது 1925இல் முதன் முதலில் தனி நூலாக வெளியிடப்பட் டது. அதைத் தொடர்ந்த ஆண்டு களில் அது இத்தாலி, ஹங்கேரி, இங்கி லாந்து, அமெரிக்கா, ஜெர்மனி, பிரான்ஸ், ஜப்பான் மற்றும் பிற நாடு களில் வெளியிடப்பட்டது. “அர்த மோனவ்கள்” மீது உலகெங்கிலும் இருக்கக் கூடிய வாசகர்கள் காட்டி வரும் தொடர்ந்த ஆர்வமானது, ஓர் உண்மையான கலைப்படைப்பு குறிப் பிட்ட காலத்தைச் சார்ந்ததில்லை என்ற உண்மையை இருக்கிறது. வெளியிடுவதாக

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ଆଲେକ୍ସେଇ କ୍ରିଲୋଭ From Bonfire To Reactor (In Odia by Alexei Krylov)

A popular science book for children explaining various sources of energy and how we can harness them from nature.

Some really fantastic full page drawings by Andrei Platonov

Translated to Oriya

Why do airplanes fly?
What makes cars and trains run?
Why is electricity provided to our homes and to factories? Why do people eat? Indeed, why and what for?

ତିହାସ

– ଚିତ୍ରାଙ୍କନ – ଆଦେଲ ପ୍ଲାଟୋନୋଭ୍

ଅନୁବାଦ – ଅରୁଣ ଢୁମାର ମହାନ୍ତ
– ମୁଖ୍ୟ ପରିବେଶକ – ନବଯୁଗ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥାଳୟ

ବଜ୍ରକବାଟି ରୋତ୍

କଟକ – ୭୫୩୦୦୧

ଶିଶୁମାନଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଏକ ଲୋକପ୍ରିୟ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ ପୁସ୍ତକ, ଯାହାରେ ଉର୍ଜାର ବିଭିନ୍ନ ସ୍ରୋତ ଏବଂ ପ୍ରକୃତିରୁ ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ କିପରି ଅଧିଗମନ କରାଯାଇପାରେ, ସେବିଷୟରେ ବିସ୍ତାରରେ ବ୍ୟାଖ୍ୟା କରାଯାଇଛି।

ଆନ୍ଦ୍ରେଇ ପ୍ଲାଟୋନଭଙ୍କ ଦ୍ୱାରା ଆକର୍ଷଣୀୟ ପୃଷ୍ଠା ପୃଷ୍ଠା ଅଙ୍କନରେ ଭରିଥିବା ପୃଷ୍ଠାଗୁଡ଼ିକ ପୁସ୍ତକକୁ ଆରୋ ଆକର୍ଷଣୀୟ କରିଛି।

 

ଏହି ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଜିଜ୍ଞାସାକୁ ଜଗାଇ ଦିଏ:
ଏୟାରପ୍ଲେନ୍ କାହିଁକି ଉଡେ?
କାହିଁକି ଗାଡ଼ି ଏବଂ ଟ୍ରେନ୍ ଚାଲେ?
ଆମ ଘର ଏବଂ କାରଖାନାଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ବିଦ୍ୟୁତ୍ କାହିଁକି ଯୋଗାଇ ଯାଏ?
ଲୋକମାନେ କାହିଁକି ଖାଉଛନ୍ତି?
ସତରେ, କାହିଁକି ଏବଂ କଣ ପାଇଁ?

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रासायनिक मूलद्रव्यांचा शोध – दमी. त्रीफोनोव, व. त्रीफोनोव (Chemical Elements How They Were Discovered In Marathi by D. N. Trifonov, V. D. Trifonov )

या पुस्तकामध्ये आपण रसायनशास्त्रातील “मुळाक्षरां “ची कशी रचना झाली, तसेच आपल्या चौकस बुद्धिमत्तेतून संशोधकांनी एकामागोमाग एकेका नव्या मूलद्रव्याचा शोध कसा लावला याचे विवेचन करणार आहोत.

बहुतेक सर्व रासायनिक मूलद्रव्यांवर अनेक पुस्तके लिहिली गेली आहेत. त्यांची संख्या एवढी प्रचंड आहे की त्यांचे एक स्वतंत्र ग्रंथालयच होईल. त्या पुस्तकांमध्ये, मूलद्रव्यांचा अंतर्भाव असणारे खडक व खनिजे, त्यांच्या नि- एकर्षणाच्या विविध पद्धती, मूलद्रव्यांचे भौतिक आणि रासायनिक गुणधर्म यांचा आढावा घेतलेला असतो. काही मूलद्रव्ये आश्चर्य वाटण्याएवढी मुबलक आहेत. त्यांचे उपयोगही अनपेक्षित वाटावेत एवढ्या भिन्नभिन्न क्षेत्रात केलेले आढळतील. खरे तर आजच्या प्रगत वैज्ञानिक युगात प्रत्येक मूलद्रव्याचा काहीना काहीतरी महत्त्वपूर्ण उपयोग आहेच आहे असेच दिसेल. प्रत्येक मूलद्रव्याचे त्याचे स्वतःचे असे खास “चरित्र” असून ती सारी आपापल्या परीने वैशिष्ट्यपूर्णही आहेत हे खरे की मूलद्रव्यांच्या शोधांच्या इतिहासाबाबत अद्यापीही बरीच संदिग्धता आहे व इतिहासकारांना न सुटलेले प्रश्न अजूनही सोडविता आलेले नाहीत. कुणी सांगावे, त्यांच्यापैकी एखादा- दुसरा इतिहासकार तुम्हीही असू शकाल !

अनुवाद : राजेंद्र सहस्रबुद्धे

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ಮಣ್ಣಿನ ಮನೆ ಪ್ರಾಣಿಗಳ ಕುರಿತು ರಷ್ಯನ್ ಜಾನಪದ ಕಥೆಗಳು (The Little Clay Hut Russian Folk Tales About Animals In Kannada)

ಪ್ರಾಣಿಗಳ ಕುರಿತು ರಷ್ಯನ್ ಜಾನಪದ ಕಥೆಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಕೆಲವನ್ನು ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಆಯ್ದು ಕೊಡಲಾಗಿದೆ. ಇವೆಲ್ಲ ತಮ್ಮ ವಿಲಕ್ಷಣತೆಯಿಂದ ಆಕರ್ಷಣೀಯವಾಗಿವೆ, ಕುತೂಹಲ ಕೆರಳಿಸುವಂತಹವಾಗಿವೆ. ಮಕ್ಕಳಿಗೆಂದು ರಚಿತವಾಗಿ ದ್ದರೂ ಇವು ಚಿಕ್ಕವರಿಗೂ ದೊಡ್ಡವರಿಗೂ ಎಲ್ಲರಿಗೂ ಮೆಚ್ಚಿಗೆಯಾಗುತ್ತವೆ. ಇವುಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಪ್ರಾಣಿಗಳೂ ಪಕ್ಷಿಗಳೂ ಮನುಷ್ಯರಂತೆಯೇ ಮಾತನಾಡುತ್ತವೆ, ಮನುಷ್ಯ ರಂತೆಯೇ ಚಿಂತಿಸುತ್ತವೆ, ಮನುಷ್ಯರಂತೆಯೇ ವರ್ತಿಸುತ್ತವೆ. ಅವುಗಳಲ್ಲೂ ಕೆಲವು ಒಳ್ಳೆಯವು, ಕೆಲವು ಕೆಟ್ಟವು. ಕೆಲವು ಧೈರ್ಯಶಾಲಿಯಾದವು, ಕೆಲವು ಅಂಜುಕುಳಿಗಳು. ಕೆಲವು ಮೂರ್ಖಶಿಖಾಮಣಿಗಳಾದರೆ ಇನ್ನು ಕೆಲವು ಬಹಳ ಬುದ್ಧಿಶಾಲಿಯಾದವು.

ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಕೊಟ್ಟಿರುವುವೆಲ್ಲ ಜಾನಪದ ಕಥೆಗಳು. ಇವನ್ನು ಸುಪ್ರಸಿದ್ದ ರಷ್ಯನ್ ಸಾಹಿತಿ ಅಲೆಕ್ಸಯ್ ತೊಲ್ಸ್ ತೋಯ್‌ರವರು ಪುಟಾಣಿ ಮಕ್ಕಳಿಗಾಗಿ ಹೇಳಿರು ವಂತೆ ನೀಡಲಾಗಿದೆ. ಇವಕ್ಕೆ ಹೆಸರಾಂತ ರಷ್ಯನ್ ಕಲಾವಿದ ಯೆವೇನಿ ರಾಚೆವ್ ಸೊಗಸಾದ ಚಿತ್ರಗಳನ್ನು ಬಿಡಿಸಿದ್ದಾರೆ. ಈ ಚಿತ್ರಗಳು ನಮ್ಮನ್ನು ಒಂದು ರಮ್ಯ ಪ್ರಪಂಚಕ್ಕೆ ಕರೆದೊಯ್ಯುತ್ತವೆ. ಅವನ್ನು ನೋಡುವುದೇ ಒಂದು ಆನಂದ.

ವಿಷಯ ಸೂಚಿ

ಟರ್ನಿಪ್ ಗೆಡ್ಡೆ . 8

ಮಣ್ಣಿನ ಮನೆ 12

ತೋಳ ಮತ್ತು ಮೇಕೆಯ ಮರಿಗಳು … 24

ನರಿ ಮತ್ತು ಮೈನಾ ಹಕ್ಕಿ 32

ರೈತ ಮತ್ತು ಕರಡಿ 42

ನರಿ ಮತ್ತು ಕೊಕ್ಕರೆ 46

ಜಂಭಗಾರ ಮೊಲ 50

ಕರಡಿ ಮತ್ತು ನರಿ .. .. 54

ಬೂದುಬೆಕ್ಕು, ಹೋತ ಮತ್ತು ಟಗರು .. 60

ಪುಟ್ಟ ಹುಡುಗಿ ಮತ್ತು ಬಾತುಕೋಳಿಗಳು 68

ಅನುವಾದ: ಕೆ. ಎಲ್. ಗೋಪಾಲಕೃಷ್ಣರಾವ್

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ସ୍ଟିଲ୍ କେମିତି ଖରାପାଲା – ନିକୋଲାଇ ଓସ୍ତ୍ରୋଭସ୍କିଙ୍କ (How Steel Was Tempered A Novel In Two Parts In Oriya by Nikolai Ostrovsky)

How Steel Was Tempered by Nikolai Ostrovsky is a Soviet novel that chronicles the life of Pavel Korchagin, a young revolutionary. Set during the Russian Civil War and the early years of the Soviet Union, the novel explores themes of resilience, sacrifice, and devotion to communist ideals. Pavel faces immense personal and physical struggles, including illness and injury, yet remains steadfast in his commitment to building socialism. The book is both a story of individual perseverance and a broader reflection of the collective struggles of the working class during a transformative period in Soviet history.

ନିକୋଲାଇ ଓସ୍ତ୍ରୋଭସ୍କିଙ୍କ ସ୍ଟିଲ୍ କେମିତି ଖରାପାଲା ଏକ ସୋଭିଏତ ଉପନ୍ୟାସ, ଯାହା ପାବେଲ୍ କୋରଚାଗିନ୍ଙ୍କ ଜୀବନକୁ କେନ୍ଦ୍ର କରିଛି। ରୁଷ ସିଭିଲ୍ ଯୁଦ୍ଧ ଏବଂ ସୋଭିଏତ ସଂଘର ପ୍ରାରମ୍ଭିକ ଦିନଗୁଡିକରେ ଘଟିଥିବା ଏହି କାହାଣୀ, ସହନଶୀଳତା, ତ୍ୟାଗ ଏବଂ ସମାଜବାଦୀ ଆଦର୍ଶ ପ୍ରତି ନିବିଡ଼ ଭକ୍ତିକୁ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରେ। ପାବେଲ୍ ଗୁରୁତର ଆଧ୍ୟାତ୍ମିକ ଏବଂ ଶାରୀରିକ ସମସ୍ୟାମାନଙ୍କ ସହ ଲଢ଼େ, କିନ୍ତୁ ସମାଜବାଦ ଗଢ଼ିବା ପ୍ରତି ତାଙ୍କ ସଙ୍କଳ୍ପକୁ ଅଛଳ ରଖନ୍ତି। ଏହି ଉପନ୍ୟାସ ଏକ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଗତ ସଂଘର୍ଷ ଏବଂ କାମକ୍ଷେତ୍ର ଶ୍ରେଣୀର ସାମୁହିକ ସଂଘର୍ଷର ଏକ ଗଭୀର ପ୍ରତିଫଳନ।

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