Theory Of Anisotropic Shells – Ambartsumyan

Posted on April 9, 2022 by The Mitr

In this post, we will see the book Theory Of Anisotropic Shells by V. A. Ambartsumyan.

About the book

Shells are widely used as structural elements in modem construction engineering, aircraft construction, shipbuilding, rocket construction, etc. A careful study of the shells used in engineering leads to the conclusion that they are most often anisotropic (naturally or structurally) and in many cases are anisotropic and laminar.

Despite the large number of articles appearing in journals, there is as yet not one book devoted to the theory of anisotropic laminar shells. In the present book the author partially fills this gap. The text is based on the author’s investigations over the last few years. It consists of the following divisions: (a) fundamental equations of the theory of elasticity of an anisotropic body in curvilinear coordinates; (b) general theory of anisotropic laminar shells; (c) membrane theory of anisotropic shells; (d) theory of symmetrically loaded anisotropic shells of revolution; (e) anisotropic cylindrical shells; (f) shallow anisotropic shells; (g) new theories of aniso­tropic shells and plates.

The book does not deal with the undeniably important problems of non­ linear theory, the theories of stability and vibration, as well as temperature problems of anisotropic laminar shells. Nor does it deal with problems associ­ated with plastic and elastic-plastic deformations of the material of the shell layers, since these problems have not been adequately investigated.
Within each chapter the formulas have a two-part enumeration. Where reference is made to the formulas of preceding chapters a three-part enumer­ation is used (the first digit referring to the chapter).

The book was translated from Russian by was published under NASA Technical Translation series.

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Contents

CHAPTER I
FUNDAMENTAL EQUATIONS OF THE THEORY OF ELASTICITY OF AN ANISOTROPIC BODY IN CURVILINEAR COORDINATES

Section 1. Some Remarks on Curvilinear Coordinates in Space 1
Section 2. Deformation Components and Differential Equations of Equilibrium in the Triorthogonal System of Curvilinear Coordinates 4
Section 3. Curvilinear Anisotropy. Generalized Hooke’s Law 7
Section 4. Transformation of Elastic Constants with Rotation of the Coordinate System 12
Section 5. Elastic Constants for Certain Anisotropic Materials 14

CHAPTER II
FUNDAMENTAL EQUATIONS OF THE THEORY OF SHELLS CONSISTING OF AN ARBITRARY NUMBER OF ANISOTROPIC LAYERS

Section 1. Basic Concepts, Initial Relationships and Hypotheses 18
Section 2. Displacements and Deformations 22
Section 3. Equations of Continuity of Deformations of the Coordinate
Surface 25
Section 4. Stressesin Layers 26
Section 5. Conditions of Contact of Adjacent Layers 28
Section 6. Internal Forces and Moments 29
Section 7. Equilibrium Equations 31
Section 8. Potential Energy of Deformation 33
Section 9. Elasticity Relationships 35
Section 10. Boundary Conditions 38
Section 11. Additional Remarks Concerning the Conditions of Contact
of Adjacent Layers and the Conditions at the Outer Surfaces of a Shell 40
Section 12. Special Cases of Anisotropy of the Material of the Shell Layers 43
Section 13. Shells Consisting of an Odd Number of Layers Symmetrically Arranged Relative in the Coordinate Surface 45
Section 14. Single-Layer Anisotropic Shells 50
Section 15. Further Remarks Concerning Elasticity Relationships 55
Section 16. Calculation of Stiffnesses for Arbitrary Directions 58

CHAPTER III
MEMBRANE THEORY OF ANISOTROPIC SHELLS

Section 1. General I’remises and Initial Relationships in the Membrane Theory of Single-Layer Isotropic Shells 61
Section 2. Boundary Conditions 64
Section 3. Area of Applicability of the Membrane Theory 65
Section 4. Fundamental Equations of the Membrane Theory of Symmetrically loaded Shells of Revolution 66
Section 5. Examples of Calculation of Symmetrically Loaded Shells
Of Revolution 73
Section 6. Evaluation of Results Obtained in the Preceding Section 86
Section 7. Continuation of Section 5 87
Section 8. An Arbitrarily Loaded Cylindrical Shell of Arbitrary Shape 95
Section 9. Some Remarks Concerning the Membrane Theory of Anisotropic Laminar Shells 104

CHAPTER IV
SYMMETRICALLY LOADED ANISOTROPIC SHELLS OF REVOLUTION

Section 1. Basic Premises. Initial Relationships and Equations 109
Section 2. Equations of Solution and Design Formulas 113
Section 3. Shells of Revolution Consisting of an Odd Number of Layers Symmetrically Arranged Relative to the Median Surface of the Shell 117
Section 4. Single-Layer Shells of Revolution 120
Section 5. Reduction of the System of Equations in (3.16) and
(3.17) to a Single Equation. A Particular Solution of the
Inhomogeneous Equation 121
Section 6. Asymptotic Integration of the Equation of Solution (5.9) 124
Section 7. Internal Forces, Moments, Stresses and Displacements 132
Section 8. Edge Effect in Anisotropic Shell 136
Section 9. Long Shells of Revolution 26 139
Section 10. Examples of Calculation of Long Shells of Revolution 143
Section 11. Solution of a Few Problems of Shells of Revolution of Zere Gaussian Curvature Consisting of an Arbitrary Number of Layers 166
Section 12. Anisotropic Cylindrical Shells of Revolution Reinforced
by Lateral Ribs 177

CHAPTER V
ANISOTROPIC CYLINDRICAL SHELLS

Section 1. Basic Premises. Initial Relationships and Equations 195
Section 2. System of Differential Equations of Solution in Displacements 198
Section 3. Cylindrical Shells Consisting of an Arbitrary Number of Orthotropic Layers 201
Section 4. Engineering Theory of Cylindrical Shells Consisting of an Arbitrary Number of Anisotropic Layers 208
Section 5. Continuation of Section 4. 214
Section 6. Cylindrical Shells Consisting of an Odd Number of Homogeneous Anisotropic Layers Symmetrically Arranged Relative to the Median Surface 224
Section 7. Engineering Theory of Cylindrical Shells Consisting of an Odd Number of Homogeneous Anisotropic Layers Symmetrically Arranged Relative to the Median Surface 228
Section 8. Continuation of Section 7. 232
Section 9. Integration of the Equations of Engineering Theory of a Cylindrical Sne!l by the Method of Double Trigonometric Series 240
Section 10. Integration of Equations in the Engineering Theory of Cylindrical Shells by the Method of Single Trigonometric 265

CHAPTER VI
SHALLOW ANISOTROPIC SHELLS

Section 1. Basic Premises. Initial Relationships and Equations 277
Section 2. Equations of Solution and Design Formulas 280
Section 3. Shells Consisting of an Odd Number of Homogeneous Anisotropic Layers Symmetrically Arranged Relative to the Median Surface 285
Section 4. Extremely Shallow Shells. Basic Premises, Initial Relationships and Equations 288
Section 5. Equations of Solution and Design Formulas in the Theory of Extremely Shallow Shells Consisting of an Arbitrary Number of Anisotropic Layers 292
Section 6. Equations of Solution and Design Formulas in the Theory of Extremely Shallow Shells Consisting of an Odd Number of Homogeneous Anisotropic Layers Symmetrically Arranged Relative to the Median Surface 300
Section 7. Integration of the Equations of Solution in the Theory of Extremely Shallow Orthotropic Shells 306

CHAPTER VII
NEW THEORIES OF ANISOTROPIC SHELLS AND PLATES

Section 1. Basic Premises and Hypotheses 315
Section 2. Theory of Orthotropic Plates 316
Section 3. Theory of Bending of a Plate Possessing Cylindrical Anisotropy 328
Section 4. Approximate Theory of an Anisotropic Plate Considering Transverse Shear 332
Section 5. Another Approximate Theory of Anisotropic Plates 336
Section 6. Examples of Plate Calculations 342
Section 7. Theory of Extremely Shallow Anisotropic Shells 358
Section 8. Approximate Theory of an Extremely Shallow Shell Considering Transverse Shear 365
Section 9. Another Approximate Theory for an Extremely Shallow Shell 368
Section 10. Example of Calculation of a Shell 372
Section 11. Theory of Extremely Shallow Laminar Orthotropic Shells. 376
Section 12. Examples of Calculation of Laminar Shells and Plates 386

 

 

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Thermodynamics – Bazarov

Posted on April 8, 2022 by The Mitr

In this post, we will see the book Thermodynamics by I. P. Bazarov.

 

About the book

This book is the first part of a course on “Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics” held at present in physical and physico-mathematical faculties of our universities. In comparison with existing courses of thermodynamics the book has the following distinctive features:

1. Greater attention than in other books is devoted to a discussion of the initial propositions of thermodynamics, which enables us to establish both the limitations of thermodynamics and its organic connexion with statistical physics.

2. The content of the second law of thermodynamics is analysed
logically and with greater consistency, by taking into account the existence of negative absolute temperatures.

3. The methods of thermodynamics are considered and discussed in detail.

4. The theory of critical phenomena is expounded according to
Gibbs, which enables us to establish the connexion of these phenomena with phase transitions of the second kind.

5. The thermodynamics of systems with negative absolute temperatures is treated.

6. The fundamentals of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes are given.

7. The large number of problems included in the book form an integral part of the course. Many are devoted to certain additional questions that are not always treated in the course and do not enter in the main text of the book. For these reasons the solutions of the problems are set out in as much detail as possible.

The book was translated from Russian by F. Immirzi and translation edited by A.E.J. Hayes. The book was published in 1964.

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Contents

Preface ix
Introduction x

Chapter I: Basic concepts and initial propositions of thermodynamics 1

§ 1 Thermodynamic system and thermodynamic parameters. Thermodynamic equilibrium from the molecular viewpoint 1
§ 2 Initial propositions of thermodynamics and their discussion 4
§ 3 Quasi-static and non-static processes 9
§ 4 The internal energy of a system. Work and heat 10
§ 5 Thermic and caloric equations of state 16
Problems 20

Chapter II: Fundamental laws and equations of thermodynamics. The first law of thermodynamics 22

§6 The equation of the first law of thermodynamics 23
§7 Thermic and caloric properties. Thermal capacities and latent heats. Connexion between thermal capacities 26
§8 Fundamental thermodynamic processes and their equations 30
§9 The connexion between elasticity coefficients and thermal capacities 33
§ 10 Hess’s rule. Thermochemical equations 35

Problems 36

Chapter III: The second law of thermodynamics 38

§ 11 General features and initial formulation of the second law 38
§ 12 Reversible and irreversible processes 43
§ 13 The second law of thermodynamics for quasi-static processes. Entropy and absolute temperature 45
§ 14 Mathematical justification for the existence of entropy and absolute temperature 47
$ 15 The fundamental equation of thermodynamics for quasi-static processes. The evaluation of entropy 58
§ 16 The second law of thermodynamics for non-static processes 62
§ 17 Connexion between the thermic and caloric equations of state 65
§ 18 The efficiency of heat-engines. Carnot’s cycle and Carnot’s theorem. Types of heat-engines 69
§ 19 Spontaneous flow of heat 73
§ 20 Limits of applicability of the second law. The “theory” of the thermal death of the universe 74

Problems 78

Chapter IV: Methods of thermodynamics 84

§ 21 The method of cyclical processes 84
§ 22 The method of thermodynamic potentials 86

Problems 99

Chapter V: Certain applications of thermodynamics 100

§ 23 The Gibbs-Helmholtz equation and its application to a galvanic cell 100
§ 24 The cooling of gas in reversible and irreversible adiabatic expansion. The Joule-Thomson effect. Kapitsa’s turbo-cooler 103
§ 25 The thermodynamics of dielectrics and magnetic substances 108
§ 26 Radiation thermodynamics 117
§ 27 Thermodynamics of plasma 127
§ 28 The thermodynamics of systems with a variable number of particles 131

Problems 134

Chapter VI: Conditions of thermodynamic equilibrium and their application 136

§ 29 Homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. Phases and components 136
§ 30 General conditions of thermodynamic equilibrium 138
§ 31 Stability conditions for the equilibrium of a homogeneous system 145
§ 32 Equilibrium in a homogeneous system 149
§ 33 Equilibrium in a heterogeneous system 152

Problems 158

Chapter VII: Surface phenomena 161

§ 34 Surface tension and surface pressure 162
§ 35 Equilibrium form of a crystal. Wulf’s theorem 164
§ 36 The role of surface tension in the formation of a new phase. Initial stages 166
§ 37 Gibbs’ equation for adsorption. Surface-active substances 169

Problems 171

Chapter VIII: Phase transformations and critical phenomena 172

§ 38 Phase transitions of the first kind. Clapeyron-Clausius equation 174
§ 39 Phase transitions of the second kind. Ehrenfest’s equation 178
§ 40 The theory of phase transitions of the second kind 182
§ 41 Critical phenomena 185

Problems 192

Chapter IX: Nernst’s heat theorem 194

§ 42 Nernst’s theorem 194
§ 43 Corollaries of Nernst’s theorem 197

Problems 201

Chapter X: Negative absolute temperatures 202

§ 44 The possibility of the existence of states with a negative absolute temperature 202
§ 45 A system with negative absolute temperature 204
§ 46 The thermodynamics of systems at negative absolute temperatures 208
§ 47 Stability of the state of a system at negative absolute temperature 214

Chapter XI: Fundamentals of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes 216

§ 48 The fundamental propositions of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes 216
§ 49 Thermoelectrical phenomena 222

Problem 227

Solutions to problems 228

Index 283

 

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History Of The Ancient World – Korovkin

Posted on April 7, 2022 by The Mitr

In this post, we will see the book History Of The Ancient World by F. Korovkin

About the book

 Fyodor Korovkin is a Doctor of History. His textbook, History of the Ancient World, was awarded the USSR State Prize in 1973 and has run into over twenty editions. It provides information on the history of the ancient states in Me­sopotamia, Egypt, India, and China. The book includes the history of ancient Greece and Rome up to the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. Several chapters deal with reli­gious views, art, and culture of the peoples of the ancient world.

The book was translated from Russian by Serger Sossinsky and designed by Leonid Shkanov. The book was published in 1985 by Progress Publishers.

Credits to the original uploaders

You can get the book here (cleaned and optimised) and here (original scan).

There is a Swahili and Bangla version available. I was aware of translations of Soviet books to African languages but this is the first time I am seeing one.

Swahili version here (cleaned and optimised) and here (original scan).

Bangla version here (DLI copy)

And we have a Hindi version as well, which is not yet digitised. This book might have other translations as well, please do comment if you know of any.

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Contents

About the History of the Ancient World 7
How to Work with the Textbook 10

THE LIFE OF PRIMITIVE PEOPLE

CHAPTER I. PRIMEVAL GATHERERS AND HUNTERS 12

§ 1. What Ancient People Were Like and How They Lived 12
§ 2. Communities of Hunters 14
§ 3. The Rise of Art and Religious Beliefs 18

CHAPTER II. PRIMITIVE LAND TILLERS AND LIVESTOCK BREEDERS 21

§ 4. The Beginning of Livestock age and Land Tillage 21
§ 5. The Rise of Inequality among People 24

CHRONOLOGY IN HISTORY 30

THE ANCIENT EAST

CHAPTER III. ANCIENT EGYPT

§ 6. The Nature of Ancient Egypt and the Activities of Its Inhabitants
§ 7. The Emergence of Classes in Egypt
§ 8. The Rise of the State in Ancient Egypt
§ 9. Government and the Struggle of Classes in Egypt
§ 10. The Peak and Decline of the Egyptian State
§ 11. Religion in Ancient Egypt
§ 12. Incipient Scientific Knowledge and the Appearance of Writing in Ancient Egypt
§ 13. The Arts in Ancient Egypt

CHAPTER IV. ASIA MINOR IN ANCIENT TIMES 62

§ 14. The Emergence of Classes in Mesopotamia 62
§ 15. The Earliest States in Mesopotamia and the Babylon Kingdom 66
§ 16. Asia Minor in the First Half of the 1st Millennium BC 69
§ 17. The Culture of the Peoples Inhabiting Asia Minor in Ancient Times 73

CHAPTER V. ANCIENT INDIA 79

§ 18. India in the 3rd-Early Ist Millennium BC 79
§ 19. The Rise and Development of Slave-Owning States in India in the 1st Millennium BC 82
§ 20.Culture in Ancient India 84
§ 21. Sri Lanka in Ancient Times 88

CHAPTER VII. ANCIENT CHINA 92

 

§ 22. The Formation of the Chinese State 92
§ 23. Popular Uprisings in China 95
§ 24. Culture in Ancient China 99

ANCIENT GREECE

CHAPTER VIII. GREECE IN THE EARLIEST TIMES 106

§ 25. The Nature and Population of Ancient Greece 106
§ 26. The Myths of Ancient Greece 108
§ 27. Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey 112
§ 28. The Occupations of the Greeks and the Emergence of Classes in the 11th-9th Century BC 117
§ 29. Religion of the Ancient Greeks 120

CHAPTER VIII. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE SLAVE-OWNING SYSTEM AND THE RISE OF THE CITY-STATES IN THE 8TH-6TH CENTURY BC 126

§ 31-32.Formation of the Athens Slave-Owning State 126
Athens Under the Aristocrats’ Rule in the 8th-7th Century BC 126
The Victory of the Demos and the Strengthening of the State in Athens 130
§ 32. The Spartan Slave-Owning State in the 8th-6th Century BC
§ 33. The Rise of the City-States in Greece and on the Shores of the Mediterranean and Black Seas

CHAPTER IX. THE DEVELOPMENT OF SLAVERY IN GREECE AND THE RISE OF ATHENS IN THE 5TH CENTURY BC 141

§ 34. The Greco-Persian Wars 141
§ 35. Slavery in Greece in the 5th Century BC 147
§ 36. The Power and Wealth of Athens in the Middle of the 5th Century BC 151
§ 37. The Athenian Slave-Owning Democracy 153

CHAPTER X. THE FLOURISHING OF CULTURE IN GREECE IN THE 5th-4th CENTURY BC 157

§ 38. Writing and the School. The Olympic Games 157
§ 39. Ancient Greek Theatre 160
§ 40. Architecture, Sculpture and Painting in Ancient Greece in the 5th Century BC 164
§ 41. Science in Ancient Greece 170

CHAPTER XI. THE RISE OF GRECO-MACEDONIAN STATES IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN 173

§ 42. The Decline of Greece and Its Subjection by Macedonia in the 4th Century BC 173
§ 43. The Rise and Fall of the Empire of Alexander the Great 176
§ 44. The Economy and Culture in he Eastern Mediterranean at the End of the 4th-2nd Century BC 179

 

ANCIENT ROME

CHAPTER XII. THE EMERGENCE OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC AND ITS CONQUEST OF ITALY 188

§ 45. The Earliest Rome and the Establishment of a Republic in It 188
§ 46. The Roman Aristocratic Republic in the Middle of the 3rd Century BC 192

CHAPTER XIII. THE ROMAN REPUBLIC BECOMES THE STRONGEST SLAVE-OWNING POWER IN THE MEDITERRANEAN 196

§ 47. The Struggle Between Rome and Carthage for Domination in the Western Mediterranean 196
§ 48. Roman Conquests of Second Century BC 200
§ 49. Slave-Owning in Rome in the 2nd-1st Century BC 204
§ 50. The Ruining of the Peasants in Italy and Their Struggle for land 207
§ 51. The Slave uprising Headed by Spartacus 210

CHAPTER XIV. THE FALL OF THE REPUBLIC IN ROME. THE ROMAN EMPIRE AT THE PEAK OF ITS POWER 214

§ 52. Caesar Seizes Power in Rome 214
§ 53. The Roman Empire Under Octavian Augustus and His Successors 217

 

CHAPTER XV. CULTURE AND DAILY LIFE IN ROME AT THE END OF THE
REPUBLIC AND THE BEGINNING OF THE EMPIRE 222

§ 54. The arts in Ancient Rome 222
§ 55. The City of Rome ne the Empire 225

CHAPTER XVI. THE DECLINE AND FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE 231

§ 56. The Beginning of the Decline of the Slave-Owning Economy at the End of the 2nd-3rd Century AD 231
§ 57. The Weakening of the Empire in the 3rd Century and Its Strengthening Under Emperor Diocletian 233
§ 58. The Rise of Christianity 236
§ 59. Further Deterioration of the Situation in the Empire in the 4th Century 237
§ 60. The Fall of the Western Roman Empire 240

Check How You Have Learned the Most Important Things in the History of the Ancient World 245

CONCLUSION 247

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The Wold Chess Crown Challenge Kasparov V. Kaprov Seville 87 – Bronstein

Posted on April 6, 2022 by The Mitr

In this post, we will see the book The Wold Chess Crown Challenge Kasparov V. Kaprov Seville 87 by David Bronstein.

About the book

The games of Kasparov-Karpov match are annotated by International Grandmaster David Bronstein who was challenger for the World title in 1950s; he reached a draw with Mikhail Botvinnik in the match for the world chess crown. Over recent years Bronstein has rarely appeared in tournaments but has established himself as an outstanding chess commentator and analyst. He is the author of many original books on the subject of chess and his annotations are easy to follow for chess fans of all levels.

The book was translated from Russian by Oleg Zilbert was published in 1988 by Raduga Publishers.

All credits to our old friend gnv64

You can get the book here and here.

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Contents

GAME ONE. Gruenfeld Defence 7
GAME TWO. English Opening 10
GAME THREE. Gruenfeld Defence 18
GAME FOUR. English Opening. 21
GAME FIVE. Gruenfeld Defence 26
GAME S1X. English Opening. 31
GAME SEVEN. Gruenfeld Defence 35
GAME EIGHT. English Opening 44
GAME NINE. Gruenfeld Defence 50
GAME TEN. Caro-Kann Defence 56
GAME ELEVEN. Gruenfeld Defence 59
GAME TWELVE. Queen’s Gambit Declined 64
GAME THIRTEEN. Gruenfeld Defence. 67
GAME FOURTEEN. Caro-Kann Defence 89
GAME FIFTEEN. Gruenfeld Defence 92
GAME SIXTEEN. English Opening O7
GAME SEVENTEEN. King’s Indian Defence 105
GAME EIGHTEEN. Queen’s Gambit Declined 110
GAME NINETEEN. Queen’s Gambit Declined 115
GAME TWENTY. Queen’s Gambit Declined. 122
GAME TWENTY-ONE. Gruenfeld Defence 127
GAME TWENTY-TWO. Queen’s Gambit 132
GAME TWENTY-THREE. Gruenfeld Defence 136
GAME TWENTY-FOUR. RetI Opening 145

David Bronstein. Points Scored and Moves Played 155

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Domination In 2,545 Endgame Studies – Kasparyan

Posted on April 5, 2022 by The Mitr

In this post, we will see the book Domination In 2,545 Endgame Studies by Ghenrikh M. Kasparyan.

About the book

This worldwide anthology of endgame studies is divided into thematic sections in which White wins by trapping pieces. The stud­ies were selected with a view to presenting a clear picture of the rise and development of different ideas and enabling the reader to appraise the past and present of endgame composition in the sphere of piece-trapping.
Problems relating to the creative development of endgame com­ position are examined her;’). Naturally, when generalising the crea­tive chess process of the past century, one must consider, in addition to outstanding works, others that are far from the best. Only a com­parison of endgame studies of dh-erse genres, styles, scale and qual­ity can reveal the many different ways in which ideas have arisen and developed. This is the only means of tracing the progress of endgame composition and forecasting its future roads.
Composers will find the book helpful in coping with some specific difficulties, such as the search for precedents. It may also prove useful in the eternal quest for new ideas.
Rank-and-file players will find the analyf’.is of endgames helpful in improving their chess skills. They will see beautiful examples of creativity by endgame composers of all times. On the \vhole, the book may be of interest to a broad range of skilled chess players.
The systematisation and classification aim at tracing the develop­ment of ideas. Accurate data on the initial publication of endgames (time and source) are not always available, especially in the case of very old ones, and whenever the authenticity of such information is doubtful it has not been given.
The sequence of the endgames presented here was determined by the chronology and kinship of separate branches. It easily guides the reader through the vast material presented.
Work on the book entailed the inevitable difficulties connected with the examination of a tremendous amount of material. It is up to the reader to judge how successfully the author has coped with his main task, that of demonstrating the rise and development of positions and ideas in the sphere of trapping pieces.

The book was translated from Russian by A. Krivoviaz  and designed by M. Melik-Pashayeva and T. Rudenke. The book was published in 1980 by Progress Publishers.

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Contents

Preface? 5
Introduction 7

Part One. Trapping Minor Pieces. 9

(Numbers in bracket indicate the Endgame Nos.)

Chapter 1. Minor Piece Traps Minor Piece 9 (1-61)
Chapter 2. Two Minor Pieces Trap One 28 (62-268)
Chapter 3. Two Minor Pieces Versus Two. 70 (269-309 )
Chapter 4. Three Minor Pieces Versus One or Two 78 (310-349 )
Chapter 5. Rook (with Pawns) Versus Minor Pieces 86 (350-432)
Chapter 6. Rook with Minor Piece (or Queen) Versus Two Minor Pieces 105 (433-677)

Part Two. Trapping the Rook 451

Chapter 1. Minor Piece Traps Rook 152 (678-728)
Chapter 2. Two Minor Pieces Trap Rook 162 (729-840)
Chapter 3. Two Knights and Bishop Trap Rook 185 (841-902)
Chapter 4. Rook Traps Rook 195 (903-1005)
Chapter 5. Trapping the Rook with Other Forces 215 (1006-1076)

Part Three. Trapping the Queen 230

Chapter 1. Minor Pieces Trap Queen 230 (1077-1436)
Chapter 2. Rooks Trap Queen 300 (1437-1508)
Chapter 3. Rook and Minor Piece Trap Queen 344 (1509-1724)
Chapter 4. Rook and Two Minor Pieces or Two Rooks and Minor Piece Trap Queen 356 (1725-1877)
Chapter 5. Queen Traps Queen 387 (1878-1998)
Chapter 6. Queen and Minor Piece Trap Queen 412 (1999-2395)

Part Four. Trapping Pieces with Other Forces 498

Chapter 1. Two Rooks Trap Rook and Minor Piece 498 (2396-2440)
Chapter 2. Rook and Two Minor Pieces (or One) Trap Rook and Minor Piece (2441-2476)
Chapter 3. Two Rooks and Minor Piece Trap Two Rooks and Minor Piece 514 (2477-2481)
Chapter 4. Queen Traps Rook and Minor Piece 516 (2482-2505)
Chapter 5. Queen and Rook Trap Queen and Rook (or Bishop) (2506-2519)
Chapter 6. Checkers Combinations 524 (2520-2539)
Chapter 7. Mauling Black’s Forces 528 (2540-2545)
Concluding Remarks 534
Index of Composers 533
Bibliography 540

 

 

 

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Headache – Grechko

Posted on April 4, 2022 by The Mitr

In this post, we will see the book Headache by V. E. Grechko.

About the book

The booklet discusses the headache which is among the most prevalent symptoms marking different pathological conditions of the body. It shows how headaches may develop in healthy subjects and in those afflicted with different diseases.
The causes for headaches, the mechanisms by which they de­velop, the features of the var­ious types of headaches, and the basic principles of headache prophylaxis and elimination are reviewed. Medical recommendations for patients suffering from headache are given. The booklet is intended for a wide spectrum of general read­ers.

The book was translated from Russian by Nina Abdurakhmanova and was published in 1986 by Mir Publishers.

All credits to our old friend gnv64.

You can get the book here and here.

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Contents

Introduction 6
Some Data About Pain in General and Sensitivity to Pain in the Head 10
When Does a Headache Afflict Healthy People? 27
Headache as a Symptom of Different Diseases 48
Cardiovascular Diseases 49
Abnormality in the Functions of the Endocrine Glands 76
Brain Injuries 78
Inflammatory Diseases 83
Poisoning 100
Visual Abnormalities and Eye Diseases 104
Brain Tumours 103
Cervical Osteochondrosis 104
Neuroses 116
Conclusion 120

 

 

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Survival in Space Gagarin, Lebedev

Posted on April 3, 2022 by The Mitr

In this post, we will see the book Survival in Space by Yu. Gagarin, V. Lebedev.

About the book

This unique document includes vivid descriptions of the space capsule, the various psycho­logical and physical disorientations that afflict astronauts during flights, the grueling ground training and testing of astronauts, the problems of group interaction among crews and how it can affect the success of flights, the emotional reac­tions of astronauts and their own personal ac­counts of sensations felt during training and actual flights, the problems of prolonged isolation
—and much more…

The book was translated from Russian by Gabriella Azrael and was published in  1969.

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Contents

Soviet Space Flights vii

First Flights in Space 1
The Cosmonaut and the Robot 34
Without Ever Getting off the Ground 60
The Team on an Interplanetary Craft 75
Emotions in Space 91
In a Weightless World 122
Secrets of Silence 141

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The Gambit – Yudovich

Posted on April 2, 2022 by The Mitr

In this post, we will see the book The Gambit by M. Yudovich.

About the book

Mikhail Yudovich (1911-1987), International Master and International Correspondence Grandmaster, is the author of a number of books on chess theory and practice, which have been published in the USSR and abroad. He devoted this book to the complicated and sharp openings—gambits. The author gives an insight into the history of gambits, and this as well as what follows (the selection of 23 games taken from both classical and modern practice of great chess-masters) should interest those who already know how to play. The gambit tactics can be picked up by studying the examples given in the book, which are chosen for the pleasure they give as well as for their instructive value. The reader will also get useful information about such notions as space and gain of time, harmonious development of pieces and preparation of an attack. The book is intended for amateurs of chess.

The book was translated from Russian by Oleg Zilbert was published in 1989 by Planeta Publishers.

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Contents

An Old but Formidable Weapon 4

The Immortal Gambit 15

Blow in the Centre 79

Captain Evans’s Secret 93

In the Heat of Combat 111

Modern Ideas 139

From the Golden Treasury 163

The Hidden and the Obvious (Questions Answered) 180

 

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Nonequilibrium Statistical Thermodynamics – Zubarev

Posted on April 1, 2022 by The Mitr

In this post, we will see the book Nonequilibrium Statistical Thermodynamics by D. N. Zubarev.

About the book

In this book an attempt is made to give a unified account of the present state of nonequilibrium statistical thermodynamics as a natural generalization of the equilibrium theory.
From a logical point of view, it would be desirable to develop the statistical theory of nonequilibrium processes first, and treat the theory of statistical equilibrium as its limiting case. Such an approach, however, is scarcely worthwhile at the present time, since nonequilibrium and equilibrium statistical thermodynamics are at very different stages of development. In Chapters I and II, therefore, we give a brief account of the basic ideas of the classi­cal and quantum statistical mechanics of equilibrium systems, to the extent that this is necessary for the derivation of the basic thermodynamic relations for the case of statistical equilibrium.
The purpose of these introductory chapters is to recall the general method of Gibbsian statistical ensembles, since later, in Chapters in and IV, attempts are made to take over the ideas of statistical ensembles to nonequilibrium statistical thermody­namics.

The book was translated from Russian by was published in  by Publishers.

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Contents

PREFACE. V

INTRODUCTION IX

Chapter 1 Equilibrium Statistical Thermodynamics of Classical Systems 1

§1. Distribution functions 1
§2. Liouville’s equation 5
§3. Gibbsian statistical ensembles 18
§4. The connection between the Gibbsian distributions and the maximum of the information entropy 38
§5. Thermodynamic equalities 46
§6 Fluctuation 55

Chapter 2 Equilibrium Statistical Thermodynamics of Quantum Systems 65

§7. The statistical operator 65
§8. The quantum Liouville equation 73
§9. Gibbsian statistical ensembles in the quantum case 82
§10. The connection between Gibbsian distributions and the maximum of information entropy (quantum case) 100
§11. Thermodynamic equalities 105
§12. Fluctuations in Quantum Systems 115
§13. Thermodynamic equivalence of the Gibbsian statistical ensembles 119
§14. Passage to the classical limit of quantum 129

Chapter 3 Irreversible Processes Induced by Mechanical Perturbations 141

§15. Response of a system to external mechanical perturbations 141
§16. Two-time Green functions 174
§17. Fluctuation-dissipation theorems and dispersion relations 196
§18. Systems of charged particles in an alternating electromagnetic field 220

Chapter 4 The Nonequilibrium Statistical Operator 237

§19. Conservation Laws 242
§20. The local-equilibrium distribution 266
§21. Statistical operator for nonequilibrium systems 301
§22. Tensor, vector and scalar processes 317
§23. Relaxation Processes 360
§24. The statistical operator for relativistic systems and relativistic hydrodynamics 395
§25. Kinetic equations 411
§26. The Kramers—Fokker—Planck equations 424
§27. Extremal properties of the nonequilibrium statistical operator 435

Appendix I Formal Scattering Theory in Quantum Mechanics 453
Appendix II MacLennan’s Statistical Theory of Transport Processes 461
Appendix III Boundary Conditions for the Statistical Operators in the Theory of Nonequilibrium Processes and the Method of Quasi-Averages 465

References 471

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A Brief Course In Analytic Geometry – Yefimov

Posted on March 31, 2022 by The Mitr

In this post, we will see the book A Brief Course In Analytic Geometry by N. Yefimov.

About the book

Written by Professor N. Yefimov, Dr. Phys. Math. Sc., this book presents, in concise form, the theoretical foundations of plane and solid analytic geometry. Also, an elementary outline of the theory of determinants is given in the Appendix.

The textbook is intended for students of higher educational institutions and for engineers engaged in the field of quadric surface design.

The book is illustrated with 122 drawings.

The book was translated from Russian by O. Soroka and was published in 1962 by Peace Publishers.

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Contents

PART ONE
PLANE ANALYTIC GEOMETRY

Chapter 1. Coordinates on a Straight Line and in a Plane 11
Chapter 2. Elementary Problems of Plane Analytic Geometry 23
Chapter 3. The Equation of a Curve 41
Chapter 4. Curves of the First Order 55
Chapter 5. Geometric Properties of Curves of the Second Order 75
Chapter 6. Transformation of Equations by Change of Coordinates 116

PART TWO
SOLID ANALYTIC GEOMETRY

Chapter 7. Some Elementary Problems of Solid Analytic Geometry 131
Chapter 8. Linear Operations on Vectors 143
Chapter 9. The Scalar Product of Vectors 157
Chapter 10. The Vector and Triple Scalar Products of Vectors 163
Chapter 11. The Equation of a Surface and the Equalions of a Curve 178
Chapter 12. The Plane as the Surface of the First Order. the Equations of a Straight Line 185
Chapter 13. Quadric Surfaces 207

Appendix. The Elements of the Theory of Determinants. 225

 

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