Little Mathematics Library- An Unusual Algebra

The next book on LML series is here. An Unusual Algebra by I.M.Yaglom Translated from the Russian by G. Volosova.

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About

The present book is based on the lecture given by the author to senior pupils in Moscow on the 20th of April of 1966. The distinction between the material of the lecture and that of the book is that the latter includes exercises at the end of each section (the most difficult problems in the exercises are marked by an asterisk). At the end of the book are placed answers and hints to some of the problems. The reader is advised to solve most of the problems, if not all, because only after the problems have been solved can the reader be sure that he understands the subject matter of the book. The book contains some optional material (in particular, Sec. 7 and Appendix which are starred in the table of contents) that can be omitted in the first reading of the book. The corresponding parts of the text of the book are marked by one star at the beginning and by two stars at the end. However, in the second reading of the book it is advisable to study Sec. 7 since it contains some material important for practical applications of the theory of Boolean algebras.
The bibliography given at the end of the book lists some books which can be of use to the readers who want to study the theory of Boolean algebras more thoroughly.
The author is grateful to S. G. Gindikin for valuable advice and to F. I. Kizner for the thoroughness and initiative in editing the book.

Thanks to Gnv64 for uploading this GEM.

OCR|PDF|130p|300dpi

The Internet Archive Link

and here

 

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Tales About Metals – Venetsky

We now come to a wonderful book titled Tales About Metals by S. Venetsky. Earlier we had seen the sequel to this book On Rare and Scattered Metals by the same author.

tales-about-metals-venetsky-eng

About

For ages have metals faithfully served humanity in all its endeavours to conquer the elements, unravel the mysteries of Nature and build powerful machines and installations. The world of metals is diverse and absorbing. The history of some of its representatives, notably, copper, iron, lead, mercury, gold, silver and tin dates thousands of years back. Others were discovered within just a few recent decades.

The properties of metals are extremely varied. Mercury will not freeze even at below-zero temperatures, while tungsten will not be consumed by the hottest of flames. Lithium could make a fine swimmer, being half as heavy as water and unable to sink no matter how hard it would try: osmium is a heavy-weight champion among metals and, thrown into water, will hit the bottom faster than a stone. Silver “gladly” conducts electricity, while titanium has an aversion to this “pastime”: its electrical conductivity is only a 300 th part that of silver. We come across iron wherever we turn and holmium is found in such minute quantities in the earth’s crust that it is fabulously expensive: a grain of pure holmium is several hundred times more expensive than gold.

But for all their differences, metals have one thing in common— they all belong to one large family. S. I. Venetsky’s Tales About Metals contains much information on the history of discovery of many metals and on their present and future uses.

It was not the author’s idea to give any systematized account of every metal he tells about. The history of metals abounds in amazing incidents, at times romantic or humorous, at times tragic. And it is mostly this aspect that the author had in mind when he wrote his book.

The book is intended for those who are ever curious, not only youngsters who are just discovering the world of science for themselves, but also those who have probably said goodbye to school and college, but still seize upon every opportunity to learn more about things around them.

The book has many Tales about metals related to their uses and discovery. It is a joy to read these, and I have cherished these Tales since my childhood. The Tales take you to distant times and lands, place the metals in a humanistic framework and expand your imagination. Hope it invokes same feelings in you too. Also the little water paintings that appear in these Tales make the reading much more fun, as a reader you are taken to the fantasy world through these little images.

Some of them can be seen below:

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tam-011tam-012tam-018tam-015tam-009tam-002

tam-003tam-007

tam-020tam-019

tam-017

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This book was translated from the Russian by N. G. Kittell and was first published by Mir in 1981 and was reprinted in 1988.

This is one of the first books that I had ever got, so has a special meaning for me. There is a Marathi version of this book as well (धातुंच्या नवलकथा), I used to have a hard copy, but it is no longer with me. Also a Hindi translation titled काहानियां धातुओं की for Tales About Metals exists.

tales-about-metals-marathi27397

Many, many thanks to Guptaji for the scan of this wonderful book.

You can get the book here. and here

Hindi version here and here

Contents

About This Book 6

The Lightest Metal 7

Space-Age Metal 14

A Fighter Against Fatigue 21

Silver from Clay 28

Son of the Earth 38

“Vitamin V” 47

The “Red Lead” Mystery 54

Iron’s Old Companion 63

A Great Toiler 71

The Charge of the Guns of Peace 83

“Copper Devil” 91

One of the Oldest and Celebrated Metals 100

A “Clothing” for Uranium Rods Ill

The Forty First 118

Iron’s Ally 125

Of a Noble Origin 133

“Hard” but Soft 144

Born “in Torment” 151

Giving Light 157

Behind Three Locks 165

The King of Metals and the Metal of Kings 173

Silver Water 186

The Metal that Destroyed Rome 193

The Fuel of the Twentieth Century 200

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Introduction to Semiconductor Theory – Anselm

In this post we will see Introduction to Semiconductor Theory by A. Anselm.

anselm-introduction-to-semiconductor-theory

About the book

This book has been written mainly for the benefit of people engaged in experimental work in the field of semiconductor physics. It will probably prove useful to students specializing in physics. Among the principal subjects treated in this book are crystal lattice vibrations, the laws of electron motion in an ideal and a perturbed periodic fields, the kinetic equation and transport phenomena (electric current).

The reader must be familiar with mathematics, quantum mechanics and physical statistics within the limits specified in the curricula of physical faculties of universities or physical and mathematical faculties of polytechnical colleges. He or she need not have a detailed knowledge of those courses but is expected to be able to find a way through the appropriate sections of textbooks referred to.

The special feature of the book is that those elementary facts are used to derive all the formulae. This, I hope, is done meticulously enough to make the book comprehensible for the above mentioned category of readers.

Some mathematical derivations of a more complex nature and less connected with the main text are presented in the end of the book in Appendices.

The book was translated from the Russian by M. M. Samokhvalov and was first published by Mir Publishers in 1981.

You can get the book here. and here

 

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Selected Problems on Physics – Myasnikov, Osanova

In this post we will see another Problem and Solution book:

Selected Problems on Physics by S. P. Myasnikov, T. N. Osanova

Myasnikov- Osanova-Selected Problems on PhysicsAbout

The main purpose of the book is to help those preparing for entrance examinations to  engineering colleges in revisiing the high-school physics course and in further studies at the college.

The fourth edition of the book came out in 1981.  Amendments to the physics curriculum at the high-school and polytechnic level have been incorporated as well as extra material on other branches of the physics course.  The 6Eth edition was prepared by taking into account the modified style of problems set at the entrance examinations.

Each section begins with a brief description of the basic theory, physical laws, and formulas. This is followed by worked problems and a few descriptive problems. Exercises and questions for revision are givena at the end of each section. The problems are solved according to the unified and optimal approach described in the introduction. By solving the problems, students will acquire a firm theoretical background and knowledge which will help them in their work in whichever sector of the economy they will be employed. The appendices contain tables required for solving problems, SI units of physical quantities. And the rules for approximate calculations.

In addition to the problems composed by the autbors this book also includes a selection  of problems set for the aptitude tests and entrance examination in physics at the N.E. Buaman Higher Technical School and other technical institutios in Moscow.
Intended for students of preparatory courses at engineering colleges, this book can also be used by high-school students, students of intermediate colleges, and those interested in self-education.

The author is indebted to Prof. A.N. Remizov and Asst. Prof. N .V. Tygliyan for their  enormous help in preparing the  manuscript for publication.

The book was translated from the Russian by Natalia Wadhwa and was first published by Mir in 1990.

You can get the book here. and here

All credits to the original uploader.

 

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General Methods for Solving Physics Problems – Belikov

In this post we will see another book in the Problems and Solutions book, namely, General Methods for Solving Physics Problems by B. S. Belikov

B. S. Belikov-General methods for solving physics problemsAbout

This book attempts to create systematic use of generalised methods , general methodological principles, and very general concepts in a segment of students instruction of vital importance, the solution of physics problems. The approach is based on the application of the most general concepts of physics to the solution of any problem. I consider the theoretical aspects underlying the general approach to problem solution and methods for solving standard, non-standard, non-specific, and general problems.

The book was translated from the Russian by Eugene Yankovsky and was first published by Mir in 1989.

You can get the book here. and here

All credits to the original uploader.

Contents

The book has three parts

Part 1: The Theoretical Bases of the General Approach to Solving Any Physics Problem

Chapter 1: The System of Fundamental Concepts of Physics

1 Some General Concepts of Physics

2 Idealization of a Physics Problem

3 Classification of Physics Problems

Chapter 2: Some General Methods for Solving Physics Problems

4 Stages in Solving a Formulated Problem

5 Method of Analysing the Physical Content of a Problem

6 General-Particular Methods. The DI Method

7 The Simplification and Complication Method. The Estimate Method

8 The Problem Statement Method

9 Another Classification of Formulated Problems

Part 2: Solution of Standard Problems

Chapter 3: The motion of a particle

10 Particle Kinematics

11 Particle Dynamics

12 Mechanical Oscillations

13 Conservation Laws

Chapter 4: The motion of a rigid body

14 Rigid Body Dynamics

15 Conservation Laws in rigid body Dynamics

Chapter 5: The Gravitational Field

16 The Basic Problem of Gravitational Theory

17 The Gravitational Field Generated by a system of particles

18 The Gravitational Field Generated by an arbitrary Mass Distribution

Chapter 6: The Electric Field

19 The Electrostatic Field in Vacuum

20 The Electrostatic Field in Insulators

21 Conductors in Electrostatic Field

22 Direct Current

Chapter 7: The Magnetic Field

23 The Magnetic Field in a Vacuum

24 The Magnetic Field in Matter

Chapter 8: The Electromagnetic Field

25 Electromagnetic Induction and Self-Induction

26 Electromagnetic Oscillations

Chapter 9: Electromagnetic Waves

27 Interference of Light

28 Diffraction of Light

Chapter 10: Thermodynamics

29 The First Law of Thermodynamics

30 The Second Law of Theormodynamics

Chapter 11: Kinetic Theory

31 The Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution

32 The Boltzmann Distribution

Part 3: Solution of Nonstandard, Nonspecified and Arbitrary problems

Chapter 12: Non-standard and Original Problems

33 Non-standard Problems

34 Original Problems

Chapter 13: Nonspecified, Research and Arbitrary Problems

35 Nonspecified Problems

36 Research Problems

37 Arbitrary Problems

Conclusion

 

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Mathematics Can Be Fun – Yakov Perelman

This one was long pending: Mathematics Can Be Fun by Yakov Perelman

MathematicsCanBeFun

To read and enjoy this book it will suffice to possess a modest knowledge of mathematics, i.e. a knowledge of the rules of arithmetic and elementary geometry. Very few problems require the ability of forming and solving equations, and the simplest at that. The table of contents, as you may see, is quite diversified: the subjects range from a motley collection of conundrums and mathematical stunts to useful practical problems on counting and measuring. The author has done everything to make his book as fresh as possible, avoiding repetition of all that has already appeared in his other works (Tricks and Amusements, Interesting Problems, etc.). The reader will find a hundred or so brain- teasers that have not been included in earlier books. Chapter 6- “Number Giants” -is adapted from one of the authors earlier pamphlets, with four new stories added.

You can get the book here and here.

Arabic version here.

All credits to the original uploaders.

 

 

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Generalized Functions in Mathematical Physics – Vladimirov

In this post we will see the book Generalized Functions in Mathematical Physics by V. S. Vladimirov.

vladimirov-coverAbout the book:

… modern mathematical physics makes extensive use of the latest attainments of  mathematics, one of which is the theory of generalized functions. The present monograph is devoted to a brief exposition of the fundamentals of that theory and of  certain of its applications to mathematical physics.

The present monograph is an expanded version of a course of lectures that the author has been delivering to students, post-graduates, and associates of the Moscow Physics and Technology Institute and the Steklov Mathematical Institute.

The book was translated from the Russian by George Yankovsky and was published Mir Publishers in 1979.

You can get the book here.

 

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Holography And Its Application – Ostrovsky

In this post we will see Holography And Its Application by  Yu. I. Ostrovsky. 

ostrovsky-holography

 

About the book:

The books explains basic physical fundamentals of a hologram and holography. In the second chapter various experiments on holography are detailed out. In the final chapter various applications of holography are given. The book also contains an extensive list of references on the subject.

The book was translated from the Russian by G. Leib. The book was published by Mir in 1977.

All credits to the original uploader.

You can get the book here. and here

 

Contents

Chapter 1 A HOLOGRAM AND ITS PROPERTIES

1.1. The Physical Principles of Holography 8

1.2. Properties of a Hologram 58

Chapter 2 HOLOGRAPHIC EXPERIMENTS 73

2.1. Arrangements for Forming Holograms 74

2.2. Sources of Light for Forming Holograms 101

2.3. Reconstruction of Wavefront 123

2.4. Hologram Recording Materials 140

Chapter 3 THE MAIN APPLICATIONS OF HOLOGRAPHY 161

3.1. Three-Dimensional Images 162

3.2. Holographic Interferometry 185

3.3. Spatial Filtration and Character Recognition 217

3.4. Other Applications of Holography 228

Epilogue 239

References 240

Name Index 256

Subject Index 264

 

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Selected Questions and Problems in Physics – Gladkova, Kutylovskaya

In this post we will see Selected Questions and Problems in Physics  by R. Gladkova and N. Kutylovskaya.

gladkova-kutylovskaya-problems-in-physics

About the book

This collection of questions and problems in physics is in ­ tended for the students of correspondence courses and evening classes in intermediate colleges and is in accord with the existing curriculum .

The purpose of this book is to teach the students how to solve problems in physics. This should stimulate corre­spondence course students to work independently, encourage them to accumulate an adequate theoretical background, and develop in them the requisite aptitude for practical activity in various branches of the economy.

Each section begins with a brief description of the basic theoretical concepts, laws, and formulas. This provides the maxim um possible help to correspondence course students in
solving problems. A large number of problem s are supplied with detailed solutions and an analysis of the results, while in some cases different approaches are used to solve the same
problem so that the student can discover the most rational form of independent study.

The theoretical material is presented in a lucid form, and most problems are of medium complexity. However, each section contains tougher problem s as well. Their solution requires a broader range of theoretical data, and will fa­cilitate a deeper understanding of the physics course.

In keeping with the existing curriculum, problem s in astronomy have also been included in the collection. Their solution requires the use of a star chart, which is printed on the flyleaf.
The book was translated from the Russian by Natalia Wadhwa and was published by Mir in 1989.

All credits to the Siddharth – the original uploader .

You can get the book here. and here

 

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Maths with Mummy

We come back after a long time with the book Maths with Mummy by V. Zhitomirsky and L. Shevrin.

maths-with-mummy-cover

About the book

Maths with Mummy introduces young children to mathematics. What should a child learn during this first introduction? Obviously this basic information must include numbers from one. to ten, simple mathematical operations using them, and the main geometrical figures. At the same time the modern approach to teaching mathematics is in favour of extending the range at this traditional information to include new concepts such as multitude, relationship (including comparing numbers of different magnitude) and the unknown, We also believe that this initial stage should teach children to distinguish
and classify objects according to different characteristics and to add up these combinations when necessary. Children should also learn to develop simple measurement skills.

The authors took all this into account in writing the Maths with Mummy. With regard to the form of the book, the authors proceeded tram the assumption that the material at this early stage must be as interesting as possible. The book has been written in the form of a story about an ordinary family, so the child absorbs the rudiments of mathematics
not in special lessons, but in real situations together with the main characters, Petya and his little sister Olya. The many colour illustrations and cartoons about Lyapa the Donkey also help to arouse children’s interest and hold their attention.

Another feature oi the book must be mentioned. Unlike ordinary school textbooks which can be used only with the direct participation of a trained teacher, this book has been planned and written so that the necessary explanations, commentaries and discussions are contained in the text itself. This means that any adult using the book to teach children does not need to prepare the material in advance or worry about how to present it. We believe that the book will enable children to absorb the basic minimum oi mathematical knowledge irrespective of where they are taught and the degree to which the parents or teacher are familiar with mathematics and teaching methodology. We have included British measures as well as the metric system for the convenience at the English-speaking
countries.

The book is intended primarily tor use at home with children of live and six. It can also be used as a textbook with the older groups at pre-school establishments and tor home reading in primary schools. It is so designed that it can simply be read aloud, but naturally it is to be hoped that adults will play a more active part, supplementing
it with their own explanations, questions and as
much discussion as possible.

The text is divided into ten parts which we have decided to call notebooks. Each notebook is self-contained, consisting of a separate mathematical subject and episode in the story. This does not mean, that it must be covered in one lesson. Children should not be given too much new information. In most cases the text of each notebook can be
split up into smaller sections.

The questions and tasks tor the child and the exercises are most important. They will help the child to absorb the mathematical content of the book and acquire certain practical skills more consciously and effectively. The child must answer all the questions and do all the tasks that are set. With regard to the exercises. Some at these may be omitted, particularly as they include some fairly advanced ones. Adults should decide themselves which exercises to set depending on a child’s individual ability. The same applies to writing down numbers and mathematical formulae. Do not insist that children should write them down, particularly it it is likely to affect their attitude towards learning maths. We should be grateful tor any information as to how this book has been used, with what age group, over what period and with what results. We should also be glad to receive any comments and suggestions for improving it.

The book was translated from the Russian by Katherine Hamilton. The wonderful illustrations were done by  M. Romadin and B. Chuprygin. The book was published in 1987 by Raduga.

Many, many thanks to Guptaji for this wonderful book!

You can get the book here. and here

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