In this post, we will see the book The Green Island by Victor Datskevich.
About the book
In the book, a father and son (Vadik) explore botanical gardens of Moscow. The book is a nice introduction to nature watch for children which answers many inquisitive questions they may have. The book is full of colour photographs of flora and fauna that they discover.
The book was translated from the Russian to English by Jan Butler, the photographs in the book are by the author and was published by Progress in 1980. Drawings are by V. levin sohn(or son) Telugu translation is by R. V. R (thanks to @var for translation, see the comment below). We also have a link for the Telugu version of the book published by Raduga/Visalandhra Publishers, who republished many of the titles in Telugu.
Do let us know if there are any other translations of this book.
In this post, we will see the book How Baby Elephant Learnt to Danceby Yuri Yarmish.
About the book
This is a children’s book that tells the tale of a baby elephant who wants to dance after listening to nice music from a ballet school. He tries to copy other animals but is not successful. Afterwards, he is taken to a circus and gets his own show and is loved and appreciated by everyone!
The gorgeous illustrations are by Irina Mishyna. The book was translated from the Ukranian by Lilia Titar and was published by Dnipro Publishers in 1976.
In this post, we will see the book Geology in Pictures by Anatoli Chlenov.
About the book
This book tells children about geology which literally means the study of the Earth, about people who search for minerals, and many other things.
The book follows question and answer format about various aspects of geology: its scope, contents, methods and its mysteries. Questions are answered in a way that will make the readers want to know more. There are lavish two-page colour illustrations for every section.
But I am in love with crayon monochrome drawings (which are also part of the colour spreads):
I wish I was able to draw something like this!
The book is a part of Discovery series of books meant for young children.
We might see other books in this series in the future.
The book was translated from the Russian by Graham Whittaker and gorgeous illustrations are by Andrei Platonov. The book was published in 1990 by Raduga, perhaps one of the last ones to get published, also has an ISBN number: 505002496X.
People in the mountains 7
Geology? What is it? 7
Look around… 10
2. The Earth’s storehouses
What are mineral deposits? 14
What colour is coal? 14
Let me tell you about cement 18
Black gold 18
Water, water, everywhere 22
The sun-stone 26
3. The science of the Earth
The secrets of our planet 30
How was our planet formed? 34
Where do mountains, seas and plains come from? 38
The Earth’s great masters 42
How they work 42
Underground cities 46
4. How geologists work
Mysterious traces 50
How oil was found 50
Where did you find these flowers? 54
Attention! Detonate! 54
Journey into the depths of the Earth 55
The scout in the sky 58
In this post, we will see A picture book of astronomy by Boris Levin and Lidia Radlova.
About the book
The book has several topics in basic astronomy in the form of questions and answers (total 16). Each question is answered at a level that can be understood by children and illustrated gorgeously.
The book was translated from the Russian by Tracy Kuehn, and the wonderful drawings are by Elizaveta Radlova and was published by Raduga in 1988.
In this post, we will see the book Beautiful Vasilisa: Russian Fairy Tales. Vasilisa the Beautiful is a well known Russian folktale.
About the book
The book is a collection of sixteen fairy tales from Russia. They include stories of Tsars, Princesses, witches, boys, girls, various animals, and magical creatures. There are several fabulous illustrations to go with the stories. Along with the story of Vasilisa, there are 15 other tales in the book.
Baba Yaga is here (not the John Wick one though;)!
The book was edited by Irina Zheleznova and was designed by Vladimir Minayev. The book was published by RAduga first in 1966, with four reprints in the subsequent years: 1974, 1981 and 1984. Different stories were translated by various translators as given in the contents.
The book was translated in Hindi and Marathi, at least what I know of. Since it was a popular title it might have been translated into more Indian languages. Please do let us know if you know/have translations in any other languages.
Note: There is a bad scan of the Hindi version on the archive, which we have cleaned and added back (the link above), with a lot of effort and time. It took much longer to clean it than anticipated, yet the results are not that good or satisfactory. I thought of abandoning the cleaning midway several times, but since no other scan was available, it was indeed cleaned.
It is an appeal to people who scan books, to take some time and effort to scan them, (preferably using flatbed scanners) otherwise, it doesn’t do anyone any good. If you are taking photos with a camera make sure that noticeable warp is not there. Perhaps when one gets the physical copy of the book we will update this one, or if you have the book please scan and post the link.
There is also a Soviet-era cartoon film (in Russian, 1977) with the title Vasilisa Prekrasnaya (Vasilia the Beautiful) though this corresponds to story The Frog Tsarvena (Tsarevna Lyagushka) in the book. The visuals are amazing…
Another Soviet era (1939) BW film I found with the title Vasilisa Prekrasnaya (Vasilia the Beautiful) again this corresponds to story The Frog Tsarvena (Tsarevna Lyagushka) in the book.
Contents
VASILISA THE BEAUTIFUL. Translated by Irina Zheleznova 5
TSAREVICH IVAN AND GREY WOLF. Translated by Bernard Isaacs 20
THE TWO IVANS. Translated by Irina Zheleznova 33
FENIST THE FALCON. Translated by Dorian Rottenberg 43
SISTER ALYONUSHKA AND BROTHER IVANUSHKA. Translated by Bernard Isaacs 57 CHESTNUT-GREY. Translated by Irina Zheleznova 63
FATHER FROST Translated by Irina Zheleznova 74
GO I KNOW NOT WHERE, FETCH I KNOW NOT WHAT. Translated by Bernard Isaacs 79 LITTLE GIRL AND THE SWAN-GEESE. Translated by Bernard Isaacs 109
THE SILVER SAUCER AND THE ROSY-CHEEKED APPLE. Translated by Irina Zheleznova 115
BY THE WILL OF THE PIKE. Translated by Irina Zheleznova 124
THE FROG TSAREVNA. Translated by Irina Zheleznova 135
WEE LITTLE HAVROSHECHKA. Translated by Irina Zheleznova 147
MARYA MOREVNA THE LOVELY TSAREVNA. Translated by Irina Zheleznova 152
IVAN-YOUNG OF YEARS, OLD OF WISDOM. Translated by Dorian Rottenberg 169
THE SEVEN SIMEONS-SEVEN BRAVE WORKINGMEN. Translated by Irina Zheleznova 201
In this post, we will see the book Fundamentals of Geology by V. Obruchev.
About the book (from the Preface)
Hence, we are entitled to say that every person should be acquainted with its (geology’s) basic principles. And the purpose of this book is to impart him this knowledge. Geology, therefore, can-not be a collection of stories about interesting things, mysterious events, or instructive comparisons taken at random from the vast realm of science, it must be expounded systematically. The reader will become acquainted with the activity of nature’s forces which he can personally observe in the neighbourhood of his town or village, in the highlands or on the plains, with the work of running, still and ground waters, with the activity of the wind and ice and with its results, visible both in the rock formations which make up the land forms and in the destruction and transformation of the latter.
When the reader has become acquainted with the work of these forces, which we call external, he will be told of other forces hidden in the bowels of the Earth which give vent to their energy in mountain-building, eruption of volcanoes and earthquakes. Then, he will be given a brief outline of the Earth’s history, of the origin and development of life and he will be told about the catastrophic events that have taken place during this time. He will learn of the formation of useful minerals and the regularity of their occurrence, especially in the U.S.S.R. The concluding chapter deals with geological documents and the
methods used in studying traces of past events which throw light on the Earth’s history.
This book, naturally, cannot embrace the entire realm of geology; it is confined to physical or dynamic geology, a branch dealing with the activity of the external and internal forces which shape and change the Earth’s crust. Very little is said of historical geology, which covers a wide field of the history of the Earth, and only scanty attention is paid to the science of useful deposits — the third branch of geology which examines the results of the activity of the natural forces.
Of the fourth branch — petrography or petrology — the science of rock formations that make up the earth’s crust, we give only the essentials. Physical geology is an introduction to these more specialized branches of geology and the book serves this purpose.
It is a popular book, designed for young readers who are acquainted with the rudiments of physics and chemistry.
The book was translated from the Russian by David Myshne and Persy Ludwick and was published by Foreign Languages Publishing House in 1959 (from worldcat entry). This book was digitised in the Digital Library of India project, as it has Osmania University stamp. And has three different links as given under (same book in all the links).
IX. Why the Earth Shakes Now Here and Now There 242
X. Brief History of Our Earth 258
XI. Catastrophes in the History of the Earth 292
XII. What Riches the Earth Contains 329
XIII. The Young Pathfinder 351
Russian Bibliography 372
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Some of you might be wondering what is the difference between the two?
A user channel will list only the titles added by that user, while a collection can encompass additions from other users also. In this collection, we will try to add other titles added by other users so that we have all of them under one comprehensive resource.
Both the links are working, this is just for your information. By default, the collection lists the titles by their Views (most views at the top), while the user channel lists the latest uploads first. These views can be changed from the sorting options on the page.
Next on the agenda is to revive all the non-working links and fixing some minor issues reported on many books (missing pages etc.).
We might see some Kannada language books soon.
Also, many thanks to @mukundhp11 who has been contributing books recently.
Professor N. Glinka’s book Problems and Exercises in General Chemistry closely corresponds to the well- known textbook General Chemistry by the same author.
Mir Publishers have prepared an English translation of the latest, 21st Russian edition of the textbook, which has been divided into two volumes to facilitate work with the book.
Many generations of students used N. Glinka’s General Chemistry in studying the subject; secondary school graduates used it in preparing for their entrance examinations to higher educational establishments, and specialists of non-chemical professions often find answers to their questions in it.
(from the preface)
In addition to problems and exercises of a traditional form, many sections of the present book contain review questions that will permit the student to see how well he or she has mastered the relevant material. Each question is followed by a set of answers, from among which one or more correct ones must be chosen; sometimes it is also necessary to substantiate the answer by selecting the correct explanation from among a number of choices following the question. Should the chosen answer fail to coincide completely or partly with those given at the end of the book, this will indicate that the student must again study the introductory text to the given section, or the relevant material in the textbook.
The book was edited by V. A. Rabinovich and Kh. M. Rubina and was translated from the Russian by G. Leib. First published by Mir in 1981, second publishing in 1986.
With this we have completed the General Chemistry Series by N.L. Glinka. Having read all the three books anyone will be completely prepared for 10+2 Physical and Inorganic Chemistry. I would once again heartily thank Amit for his big help and support. Highly appreciated!
The Mole. Avogadro’s Law. Molar Volume of a Gas 21
Determining the Molecular Masses of Gaseous Substances 26
Derivation of Chemical Formulas. Calculations Involving Chemical Formulas and Equations 29
Chapter 2. Basic Classes of Inorganic Compounds 35
Chapter 3. Structure of the Atom. Radioactivity 45
Electronic Structure of Atoms. Dependence of Element Properties on the Structure of Their Atoms 45
Structure of Atomic Nuclei. Radioactivity. Nuclear Reactions 53
Chapter 4. The Chemical Bond 59
Kinds of Chemical Bond. Ways of Forming a Covalent Bond 59
Molecular Polarities. Geometrical Structure of Molecules 68
Ionic Bond. Polarization of Ions 74
Hydrogen Bond. Intermolecular Interaction 77
Chapter 5. Fundamental Laws of Chemical Reactions 80
Energy Conversions in Reactions. Thermochemical Calculations 80
Rate of a Chemical Reaction. Chemical Equilibrium 95
Chapter 6. Solutions 114
Concentration of Solutions. Solubility 114
Energy Effects in the Formation of Solutions 123
Physicochemical Properties of Dilute Solutions of Non-Electrolytes 125
Chapter 7. Solutions of Electrolytes 132
Weak Electrolytes. Dissociation Constant and Degree of Dissociation 132
Strong Electrolytes. Activity of Ions 141
Ion Product of Water. pH 143
Solubility Product 148
Exchange Reactions in Electrolyte Solutions. Hydrolysis of Salts 154
Chapter 8. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions. Fundamentals of Electrochemistry 165
Oxidation Number. Oxidation and Reduction 165
Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 169
Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations 175
Chemical Sources of Electrical Energy. Electrode Potentials 182
Direction of Oxidatiop-Reduction Reactions 191
Electrolysis 195
Chapter 9. Complex Compounds 203
Determining the Composition of a Complex Ion 203
Nomenclature of Complex Compounds 205
Equilibria in Solutions of Complex Compounds 207
Chapter 10. General Properties of Metals. Alloys 212
Chapter 11. The Periodic System of Elements. Properties of Elements and Their Compounds 219
General 219
Hydrogen 220
The Halogens 222
Oxygen Subgroup Elements 225
Nitrogen Subgroup Elements 229
Carbon and Silicon 236
Group I Metals 238
Group II Metals. Water Hardness 241
Group III Elements 245
Metals of Groups IVi V, VI, andVII 247
The Noble Gases. Group VIIIMetals 251
Appendix
Table 1. Selected SI Units 255
Table 2. Conversion of Selected Non-System Units to SI Units 256
Table 3. Values of Selected Fundamental Physical Constants 256
Table 4. Names of Most Important Acids and Their Salts 256
Table 5. Standard Enthalpies of Formation 258
Table 6. Dissociation Constants of Selected Weak Electrolytes in Aqueous Solutions at 25 °C 260 Table 7. Activity Coefficients of Ions at Different Ionic Strengths of Solution 262
Table 8. Solubility Product Agp of Selected Sparingly Soluble Electrolytes at 25 °C 263
Table 9. Standard Electrode Potentials q>° in Aqueous Solutions a t 25 °C 264
Table 10. Instability Constants of Selected Complex Ions in Aqueous Solutions at 25 °C 266
Table 11.Atomic Masses to Four Significant Figures 266
In this post we will see the Volume 2 of General Chemistry series written by Nikolai Glinka and edited by V. Rabinovich.
About the book ( From the Back Cover)
Professor N. Glinka’s textbook systematizes the theoretical aspects and includes an extensive collection of reference data tor the course in general chemistry. Great attention is given to the structure of atoms and molecules, the laws of chemical reactions, and oxidation-reduction, processes. The book has been very popular in the Soviet Union and other countries for many years. During the author’s life, it saw 12 editions in Russian and was repeatedly published in other languages. The time that has elapsed after the author’s death, however required the introduction of appreciable amendments into the book, first of all because of the deep penetration of chemistry into many branches of the national economy and of the tremendous growth in the volume of the factual material of chemistry. The required revision of the textbook was carried out in its sixteenth Russian edition (1973). An additional revision of the book mainly due to the transition to SI units of physical quantities and the associated alterations in the terminology was carried out in the nineteenth Russian edition (1977). The present English text has been translated from the 21st Russian edition (1980), and to facilitate work with the book, has been divided into two volumes. The book is intended for students of higher educational institutions not majoring in chemistry. It will also be very helpful for persons studying the fundamentals of chemistry independently, and for students of chemical technical schools and the senior classes of secondary schools.
This book was hugely popular in the Soviet Union and other countries for many years. It was first published in 1958 and revised from the 1980 enlarged and updated Russian edition. Like Volume 1 this book is written in an engaging and easy to understand language. General Chemistry Volume 1&2 together cover completely the Physical and Inorganic Chemistry at 10+2 level. Nikolai Glinka wrote a problem book called Problems And Exercises In General Chemistry accompanying these two volumes and which is likewise a brilliant book. We will see it in the next post.
Thank you very much TheMitr for helping me make the post.
Hydrogen in nature. Obtaining hydrogen. Hydrogen Properties and Application. Hydrogen peroxide
Chapter XII. Halogens
Halogens in Nature. Physical properties of halogens. Halogen Chemical Properties. Halogen collection and application. Halogen compounds with hydrogen. Oxygenated halogen compounds
Chapter XIII Main subgroup of the sixth group
Oxygen. Oxygen in nature. Air. Oxygen uptake and properties. Ozone
Sulfur, Selenium, Tellurium Sulfur in Nature. Sulfur Obtaining. Sulfur Properties and Application. Hydrogen sulphide. Sulphides. Sulfur dioxide. Sulfuric acid. Sulfur trioxide. Sulfuric acid. Obtaining and applying sulfuric acid. Peroxodisulfuric acid. Thiosulfuric acid. Sulfur compounds with halogens. Selenium. Tellurium
Chapter XIV. Main subgroup of the fifth group
Nitrogen. Nitrogen in nature. Obtaining and properties of nitrogen. Ammonia Ammonium Salts. Fixation of atmospheric nitrogen. Obtaining Ammonia. Hydrazine. Hydroxylamine. Hydrogen azide Nitrogen oxides. Nitrous acid. Nitric acid. Industrial preparation of nitric acid. Nitrogen cycle in nature
Phosphor Phosphorus in nature. Phosphorus attainment and properties. Phosphorus compounds with hydrogen and halogens. Phosphorus oxides and acids. Mineral fertilizers
Carbon Carbon in Nature. Carbon allotropy. Chemical properties of carbon. Carbides. Carbon dioxide. Carbonic acid. Carbon oxide. Sulfur and nitrogen carbon compounds. Fuel and its types. Gaseous fuel
Organic compounds General characteristic of organic compounds. Specific features of organic compounds. Theory of the chemical structure of organic compounds. Classification of Organic Compounds. Saturated hydrocarbons. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons. Cyclic saturated hydrocarbons. Aromatic hydrocarbons. Halogen derivatives of hydrocarbons. Alcohols and phenols. Ethers. Aldehydes and Ketones. Carboxylic acids. Carboxylic acid esters. Fats. Carbohydrates. Amines. Amino acids and proteins. High molecular weight natural and synthetic compounds (polymers)
Silicon Silicon in Nature, Obtaining and Properties of Silicon. Hydrogen and halogen silicon compounds. Silicon dioxide. Silicic acids and their salts. Glass. Pottery. Cement. Organo silicic compounds
Tin, lead, germanium Germanium .Tin .Lead Lead accumulator
Chapter XVI General properties of metals. Alloys
Physical and chemical properties of metals. Electronic structure of metals, insulators and semiconductors. Crystal structure of metals. Obtaining metals from ores. Obtainment of high purity metals. Alloys. Phase diagrams of metal systems. Corrosion of metals
Chapter XVII First group of the Periodic System
Alkali metals Alkali metals in nature. Obtaining and properties of alkali metals. Sodium. Potassium
Copper Subgroup Copper. Silver. Gold
Chapter XVIII. Complex compounds
Main theses of coordination theory. Principal types and nomenclature of complex compounds. Spatial structure and isomerism of complex compounds. Nature of chemical bonding in complex compounds. Stability of complex compounds in solutions. Influence of coordination on the properties of ligands and the central atom
Chapter XIX Second group of the Periodic System
Main subgroup of the second group Beryllium. Magnesium. Calcium. Hardness of natural waters and their elimination. Strontium. Barium
Secondary subgroup of the second group Zinc. Cadmium. Mercury
Chapter XX Third group of the Periodic System
Main subgroup of third group Boron. Aluminum. Gallium. Indian. Thallium
Secondary subgroup of the third group. Lanthanides. Actinides Scandium Subgroup. Lanthanides. Actinides
Chapter XXI Secondary subgroups of the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh groups
General feature of transition elements
Titanium Subgroup Titanium. Zirconium. Hafnium.
Vanadium Subgroup Vanadium. Niobium. Tantalum
Chrome subgroup Chromium. Molybdenum. Wolfram
Manganese Subgroup Manganese. Rhenium
Chapter XXII. Eighth group of the Periodic System
Noble gases General characteristic of noble gases. Helium. Neon. Argon
Secondary subgroup of the eighth group
Iron Series Iron. Abundance in Nature. Importance of iron and its alloys in the technique. Iron Physical Properties, Phase Diagram of the Iron – Carbon System. Pig iron and steel production. Heat treatment of steel. Iron alloys. Chemical properties of iron. Iron compounds. Cobalt. Nickel
Platinum Group Metals General feature of metals. Platinum. Palladium. Iridium
In this post ( my debut post on mirtitles.org and the site’s 375th !) we will see an amazing book on chemistry titled General Chemistry Volume 1 by Nikolai Glinka and edited by Veniamin Rabinovich.
About the book ( From the Back Cover)
Professor N. Glinka’s textbook systematizes the theoretical aspects and includes an extensive collection of reference data tor the course in general chemistry. Great attention is given to the structure of atoms and molecules, the laws of chemical reactions, and oxidation-reduction, processes. The book has been very popular in the Soviet Union and other countries for many years. During the author’s life, it saw 12 editions in Russian and was repeatedly published in other languages. The time that has elapsed after the author’s death, however required the introduction of appreciable amendments into the book, first of all because of the deep penetration of chemistry into many branches of the national economy and of the tremendous growth in the volume of the factual material of chemistry. The required revision of the textbook was carried out in its sixteenth Russian edition (1973). An additional revision of the book mainly due to the transition to SI units of physical quantities and the associated alterations in the terminology was carried out in the nineteenth Russian edition (1977). The present English text has been translated from the 21st Russian edition (1980), and to facilitate work with the book, has been divided into two volumes. The book is intended for students of higher educational institutions not majoring in chemistry. It will also be very helpful for persons studying the fundamentals of chemistry independently, and for students of chemical technical schools and the senior classes of secondary schools.
This book was hugely popular in the Soviet Union and other countries for many years. It was first published in 1958 and revised from the 1980 enlarged and updated Russian edition. Seriously though I have never read a book before this one that had explained General Chemistry in such an elucidating manner. Especially the way the chapter The Fundamentals of Chemical Reactions is explained is amazing. The Volume 1 and Volume 2 together contains everything from Inorganic Chemistry that we read in 10+2. Thank you very much The Mitr for cleaning and bookmarking the pdf and helping me make my first post. Volume 2 to follow.
1. Matter and Its Motion 11 2. Substances and Their Changes. The Subject of Chemistry 12 3. The Importance of Chemistry. Chemistry in the National Economy of the USSR 13
Chapter 1. The Atomic and Molecular Concept 15
4. Law of Conservation of Mass 16 5. Essence of the Atomic and Molecular Concept 18 6. Elementary Substance and Chemical Element 20 7. Law of Definite Proportions. Law of Multiple Proportions 22 8. Law of Combining Volumes. Avogadro Law 24 9. Atomic and Molecular Masses. The Mole 25 10. Determining the Molecular Masses of Gaseous Substances 27 11. Partial Pressure of a Gas 30 12. Equivalent. Law of Equivalents 31 13. Determination of Atomic Masses. Valence 33 14. Chemical Symbols 37 15. Most Important Classes of Inorganic Substances 38 16. Chemical Calculations 44
Chapter 2. Mendeleev’s Periodic Law 48
17. Mendeleev’s Periodic Law 48 18. The Periodic Table of Elements 50 19. Significance of the Periodic Table 55
Chapter 3. Structure of the Atom. Development of the Periodic Law 58 20. Radioactivity 58 21. Nuclear Model of the Atom 61 22. Atomic Spectra 63 23. The Quantum Theory of Light 65 24. Structure of an Atom’s Electron Shell According to Bohr 69 25. Initial Concepts of Quantum Mechanics 72 26. Wave Function 74 27. Energy State of an Electron in an Atom 76 28. Principal Quantum Number 79 29. Orbital Quantum Number. Shapes of Electron Clouds 80 30. Magnetic and Spin Quantum Numbers 86 31. Many-Electron Atoms 89 32. The Pauli Exclusion Principle. Electron Configuration of Atoms and the Periodic Table 91 33. The Dimensions of Atoms and Ions 103 34. Ionization Energy and Affinity to Electron 105 35. Structure of Atomic Nuclei. Isotopes 108 36. Radioactive Elements and Their Decay 111 37. Artificial Radioactivity. Nuclear Reactions 115
Chapter 4. The Chemical Bond and the Structure of Molecules 119
38. The Theory of Chemical Structure 120 39. Covalent Bond. The Method of Valence Bonds 124 40. Non-Polar and Polar Covalent Bond 129 41. Ways of Forming a Covalent Bond 133 42. Direction of a Covalent Bond 138 43. Hybridization of Atomic Electron Orbitals 141 44. Multiple-Centre Bonds 145 45. The Method of Molecular Orbitals 148 46. Ionic Bond 158 47. Hydrogen Bond 162
Chapter 5. The Structure of Solids and Liquids 165 48. Intermolecular Interaction 165 49. The Crystalline State of a Substance 166 50. The Internal Structure of Crystals 168 51. Real Crystals 171 52. The Amorphous State of a Substance 172 53. Liquids 173
Chapter 6. Fundamental Laws of Chemical Reactions 175 54. Energy Conversions in Reactions 175 55. Thermochemistry 176 56. Thermochemical Calculations 178 57. Rate of a Chemical Reaction 180 58. Dependence of Reaction Rate on the Reactant Concentrations 182 59. Dependence of Reaction Rate on the Temperature and Nature of the Reactants 184 60. Catalysis 187 61. Reaction Rate in Heterogeneous Systems 190 62. Chain Reactions 191 63. Irreversible and Reversible Reactions. Chemical Equilibrium 193 64. Displacement of Chemical Equilibrium. Le Chatelier’s Principle 196 65. Factors Determining the Direction of Chemical Reactions 200 66. Thermodynamic Quantities. Internal Energy and Enthalpy 205 67. Thermodynamic Quantities. Entropy and Gibbs Energy 208 68. Standard Thermodynamic Quantities. Chemico-Thermodynamic Calculations 211
Chapter 7. Water. Solutions 216
69. Water in Nature 216 70. The Physical Properties of Water 217 71. Phase Diagram of Water 220 72. The Chemical Properties of Water 223 73. A Characteristic of Solutions. The Dissolving Process 224 74. Concentration of Solutions 225 75. Hydrates and Crystal Hydrates 227 76. Solubility 229 77. Supersaturated Solutions 234 78. Osmosis 235 79. Vapour Pressure of Solutions 238 80. Freezing and Roiling of Solutions 240
Chapter 8. Solutions of Electrolytes 243
81. Features of Solutions of Salts, Acids, and Bases 243 82. The Theory of Electrolytic Dissociation 245 83. The Dissociation Process 247 84. Degree of Dissociation. Strength of Electrolytes 248 85. Dissociation Constant 249 86. Strong Electrolytes 252 87. Properties of Acids, Bases, and Salts from the Viewpoint of the Theory of Electrolytic Dissociation 255 88. Net Ionic Equations 258 89. Solubility Product 261 90. Dissociation of Water. pH 263 91. Shift of Ionic Equilibria 266 92. Hydrolysis of Salts 270
Chapter 9. Oxidation-Reduction Reaction. Fundamentals of Electrochemistry 277 93.
Oxidation of Elements 277 94. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 278 95. Compiling Equations of Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 279 96. Most Important Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 283 97. Oxidation-Reduction Duality. Intramolecular OxidationReduction 284 98. Chemical Sources of Electrical Energy 286 99. Electrode Potentials 292 100. Electromotive Series of Metals 303 101. Electrolysis 306 102. Laws of Electrolysis 311 103. Electrolysis in Industry 312 104. Electrochemical Polarization. Overvoltage 315
Chapter 10. Dispersed Systems. Colloids 318 105.
The Dispersed State of a Substance. Dispersed Systems 318 106. State of a Substance at a Phase Interface 323 107. Colloids and Colloidal Dispersions 325 108. Dispersion Analysis. Optical and Molecular-Kinetic Properties of Dispersed Systems 330 109. Sorption and Sorption Processes. Molecular Adsorption 333 110. Ion-Exchange Adsorption 337 111. Chromatography 340 112. Electrokinetic Phenomena 343 113. Stability and Coagulation of Dispersed Systems 346 114. Structure Formation in Dispersed Systems. The Physicochemical Mechanics of Solids and Dispersed Structures 351
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