About The Book

From the Back Cover

Professor N. Glinka’s book Problems and Exercises in General Chemistry closely corresponds to the well- known textbook General Chemistry by the same author.

Mir Publishers have prepared an English translation of the latest, 21st Russian edition of the textbook, which has been divided into two volumes to facilitate work with the book.

Many generations of students used N. Glinka’s General Chemistry in studying the subject; secondary school graduates used it in preparing for their entrance examinations to higher educational establishments, and specialists of non-chemical professions often find answers to their questions in it.

(from the preface)

In addition to problems and exercises of a traditional form, many sections of the present book contain review questions that will permit the student to see how well he or she has mastered the relevant material. Each question is followed by a set of answers, from among which one or more correct ones must be chosen; sometimes it is also necessary to sub­stantiate the answer by selecting the correct explanation from among a number of choices following the question. Should the chosen answer fail to coincide completely or partly with those given at the end of the book, this will indi­cate that the student must again study the introductory text to the given section, or the relevant material in the textbook.

The book was edited by V. A. Rabinovich and Kh. M. Rubina and was translated from the Russian by G. Leib. First published by Mir in 1981, second publishing in 1986.

With this we have completed the General Chemistry Series by N.L. Glinka. Having read all the three books anyone will be completely prepared for 10+2 Physical and Inorganic Chemistry. I would once again heartily thank Amit for his big help and support. Highly appreciated!

The Internet Archive Link https://archive.org/details/glinkaproblemsingeneralchemistrymir

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Contents

Preface 5

Chapter 1. Simple Stoichiometric Calculations 11

1. Equivalent. Law of Equivalents 11
2. Fundamental Gas Laws 15
3. Partial Pressure of a Gas 18
4. The Mole. Avogadro’s Law. Molar Volume of a Gas 21
5. Determining the Molecular Masses of Gaseous Substances 26
6. Derivation of Chemical Formulas. Calculations Involving Chemical Formulas and Equations 29

Chapter 2. Basic Classes of Inorganic Compounds 35

Chapter 3. Structure of the Atom. Radioactivity 45

1. Electronic Structure of Atoms. Dependence of Element Properties on the Structure of Their Atoms 45
2. Structure of Atomic Nuclei. Radioactivity. Nuc­lear Reactions 53

Chapter 4. The Chemical Bond 59

1. Kinds of Chemical Bond. Ways of Forming a Co­valent Bond 59
2. Molecular Polarities. Geometrical Structure of Molecules 68
3. Ionic Bond. Polarization of Ions 74
4. Hydrogen Bond. Intermolecular Interaction 77

Chapter 5. Fundamental Laws of Chemical Reactions 80

1. Energy Conversions in Reactions. Thermochemical Calculations 80
2. Rate of a Chemical Reaction. Chemical Equilibrium 95

Chapter 6. Solutions 114

1. Concentration of Solutions. Solubility 114
2. Energy Effects in the Formation of Solutions 123
3. Physicochemical Properties of Dilute Solutions of Non-Electrolytes 125

Chapter 7. Solutions of Electrolytes 132

1. Weak Electrolytes. Dissociation Constant and Degree of Dissociation 132
2. Strong Electrolytes. Activity of Ions 141
3. Ion Product of Water. pH 143
4. Solubility Product 148
5. Exchange Reactions in Electrolyte Solutions. Hydrolysis of Salts 154

Chapter 8. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions. Fundamentals of Electrochemistry 165

1. Oxidation Number. Oxidation and Reduction 165
2. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 169
3. Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations 175
4. Chemical Sources of Electrical Energy. Electrode Potentials 182
5. Direction of Oxidatiop-Reduction Reactions 191
6. Electrolysis 195

Chapter 9. Complex Compounds 203

1. Determining the Composition of a Complex Ion 203
2. Nomenclature of Complex Compounds 205
3. Equilibria in Solutions of Complex Compounds 207

Chapter 10. General Properties of Metals. Alloys 212

Chapter 11. The Periodic System of Elements. Properties of Elements and Their Compounds 219

1. General 219
2. Hydrogen 220
3. The Halogens 222
4. Oxygen Subgroup Elements 225
5. Nitrogen Subgroup Elements 229
6. Carbon and Silicon 236
7. Group I Metals 238
8. Group II Metals. Water Hardness 241
9. Group III Elements 245
10. Metals of Groups IVi V, VI, andVII 247
11. The Noble Gases. Group VIIIMetals 251

Appendix

Table 1. Selected SI Units 255

Table 2. Conversion of Selected Non-System Units to SI Units 256

Table 3. Values of Selected Fundamental Physical Constants 256

Table 4. Names of Most Important Acids and Their Salts 256

Table 5. Standard Enthalpies of Formation 258

Table 6. Dissociation Constants of Selected Weak Electrolytes in Aqueous Solutions at 25 °C 260 Table 7. Activity Coefficients of Ions at Different Ionic Strengths of Solution 262

Table 8. Solubility Product Agp of Selected Spar­ingly Soluble Electrolytes at 25 °C 263

Table 9. Standard Electrode Potentials q>° in Aqueous Solutions a t 25 °C 264

Table 10. Instability Constants of Selected Complex Ions in Aqueous Solutions at 25 °C 266

Table 11.Atomic Masses to Four Significant Figures 266

Mendeleev’s Periodic Table of the Elements 270

Mendeleev’s Periodic Table 270

Four Place Logarithms 272

Answers to Problems 276

Index 284