The Physics of Ice – Bogoroskii (Ed.)

Posted on January 30, 2022 by The Mitr

In this post, we will see the book The Physics Of Ice edited by V. V. Bogorodskii.

About the book

The present volume is a collection of the most significant reports read at the Symposium on Ice Physics which was held at the Arctic and Antarctic Scientific Research Institute in June 1968.

The book was translated from Russian by Israel Programme for Scientific Translation was published in 1971.

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Editor’ s preface V

V.V. BOGORODSKII and B.A. FEDOROV. Radar probing of Severnaya
Zemlya glaciers 1

V. V. BOGORODSKII, G.P.KHOKHLOV, B.A. FEDOROV and G. V. TREPOV,
Electrical parameters of the models of morainic layers in the
region of the anomalous dispersion of ice 17

G.P. KHOKHLOV,
Investigation of the electrical characteristics of sweet ice for various textural models 22

G.P., KHOKHLOV,
Measurements of the electrical properties of ice with two wire line 27

V.V. BOGORODSKII, G.V. TREPOV, and B.A. FEDOROV.
Application Of lasers to studies of ice dynamics 30

M.N. VITUSHKINA. Some experimental results of radiometric probing of glaciers 33

V. V. BOGORODSKII and M.N. VITUSHKINA.
Passive radar probing of glaciers 38

G.V. TREPOV and G.P. KHOKHLOV.
Interferometric measurements of the electrical parameters of the ice cover in the meter wavelength 42

B. Ya. GAITSKHOKI,
Spectral transmission of snow and some ice varieties 44

B. Ya. GAITSKHOKI,
A photometric model of the snow-ice cover 48

G.V. TREPOV.
Measuring the velocity of propagation of electro-Magnetic waves in a glacier 53

I, GALKINA and V.A. SPITSYN,
Measuring the temperature of the surface of water, snow, and ice with a radiation thermometer 56

E.A. MARTYNOVA and V.A. SPITSYN.
Some results of tests of infrared scanners for heat charting of polar regions 60

G.P..KHOKHLOV.
Results of experimental measurements of the electrical parameters of Arctic sea ice at frequencies between 100 Hz and 1 MHZ 64

V.V. BOGORODSKII and G.P. KHOKHLOV.
Measurements of the permittivity and conductivity of sea ice without contact electrodes 71

V. V. BOGORODSKII and G.P. KHOKHLOV.
The effect of some salt components and their composition on the electrical properties Of ice 76

Yu.A. MACH. Measurements of the magnitude of the mirror reflection coefficient of the real surface of sea ice for acute incidence angles 82

V.V. BOGORODSKII and G.P. KHOKIILOV
Interlayer polarization in ice with NaCl inclusions 88

B. Ya. GAITSKHOKI, P.T. MOROZOV, and L.I SOVALKOV.
Studies of the structure and composition of sea ice in the Arctic Basin 92

V.V. BOGORODSKII, G. V. TREPOV, B.A. FEDOROV, and G.P. KHOKHLOV.
The use of electromagnetic waves propagating in fresh water for active probing and other purposes 98

V.V. BOGORODSKII, G. V. TREPOV, and B.A. FEDOROV
Tensor electromagnetic properties of glacier ice 101

V.P. GAVRILO, A. V. GUSEV, and D.B. DIANOV.
Radial oscillations of an ice sphere in water 104

A. E. KOLESNIKOV and A.V. PROKOF’EVA.
Calibration of spherical piezotansducers in ice 110

V.P. GAVRILO and A. V. GUSEV.
Acoustic pulses produced by impact excitation of floating ice 116

V.P. GAVRILO and A. V. GUSEV.
The mechanism of the acoustic effect accompanying the breaking of ice rods in a liquid 121

V.P. GAVRILO and B, Ya. GAITSKHOKI.
The statistics of air inclusions in ice 125

B. Ya. GAITSKHOKI and V.A. SPITSYN.
Some results of ice temperature measurements on SP-13f drifting station 129

V.V. BOGORODSKII, V.P. GAVRILO, and A.V. GUSEV.
Nonlinear effects accompanying ice breaking ina liquid 133

V.P. GAVRILO, A.V. GUSEV, and A.P. POLYAKOV.
Acoustic recording of the critical state of stress in ice 139

V. V. BOGORODSKII, S.A. SMIRNOV, and V.L. SINITSYN.

Simulation of the scattering of underwater sound by sweet ice specimens immersed in artificial sea water 146

V.P. GAVRILO.
Subglacial noise accompanying formation of thermal
cracks in ice 153

V. V. BOGORODSKII, G.V. TREPOV, B.A. FEDOROV, and G.P. KHOKHLOV KHOKHLOV.
Radar probing of fresh water 156

Posted in books, physics, science, soviet, technology | Tagged acoustic properties, antarctic, artic, conductivity, electrical properties, glaciers, ice, ice dynamics, measurements, methods, models, non-linear effects, permittivity, physics, properties, radar probing, reflection coefficient, snow, soviet, techniques, temperature, transmission | Leave a comment

Individual And The Micro Environment – Sychev

Posted on January 29, 2022 by The Mitr

In this post, we will see the book Individual And The Micro Environment by Yu. V. Sychev.

About the book

This book sets out to provide a Marxist analysis of the microenvironment under socialism to define its specific characteristics and its place in the system of broad social links, and to investigate the structure of the microenvironment in socialist society and certain tendencies towards change within that structure. An attempt is also made to bring out the dialectic of the interaction between the individual and the microenvironment with reference to the active nature of the ties connecting the individual with his social environment, to define the main levels of social determination of the individual, to demonstrate the role of the micro environment, and first and foremost its all-important component—the primary work team or collective—in the formation of the individual. Analysis of this particular subject also incorporates critical review of the way in which this subject is approached in bourgeois sociological writing.

This book is based on materials drawn from sociological case studies conducted by the Section for Research in the Sociology and Psycho-physiology of Labour in Industry (SRSPL) at the Perm Telephone Factory (PTF) in which the author participated, and also on data drawn from other case studies published recently in both the Soviet and foreign press.

The book was translated from Russian by Katharine Judelson and was designed by Uadim Kuleshov. The book was published in 1978 by Progress Publishers.

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Introduction.

Chapter One. THE MICROENVIRONMENT AND ITS PLACE
IN THE SYSTEM OF SOCIAL RELATIONS

1. The Microenvironment as a Specific Manifestation of the Social Environment 11
2. The Individual as an Banesa of the Unity of Universal and Individual Features 24
3. The Conception of the Social Microenvironment in the Bourgeois Sociology of Today 33

Chapter Two. THE STRUCTURE OF THE MICROENVIRONMENT AND CERTAIN TRENDS OF CHANGE IN MODERN CONDITIONS

1. The Sociological Aspect of the Structure of the Micro-
environment 43
2. Socio-Psychological Analysis of the Structure of the Microenvironment 64
3. The Dynamics of the Changes in Social Ties Between the Individual and the Microenvironment 73

Chapter Three. THE DIALECTICS OF THE INTERACTION
BETWEEN THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE MICROENVIRONMENT

1. Levels of Social Determination of the Individual 81
2. The Active Character of the Link Between the Individual and His Immediate Social Surroundings 91
3. The Individual as a Microsystem 108
4. The Role of the Microenvironment in the Forain of the Individual 122
5. The Labour Collective – the Vital Factor in the Development of the Individual 136

Conclusion 161

Posted in books, progress publishers, psychology, sociology, soviet | Tagged classical, dialectics, ideology, marxism, micro-environments, modernity, philosophy, social relations, sociology, soviet | 2 Comments

Soviet Man In Space

Posted on January 28, 2022 by The Mitr

In this post, we will see the book Soviet Man In Space.

About the book

A small booklet about the first cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin his life and space travel.

The first manned space flight in history was accomplished on April 12, 1961, when the Soviet spaceship Vostok (East) orbited the earth and made a safe landing. The first man in space was Yuri Alexeyevich Gagarin, a citizen of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

The book was published by Foreign Languages Publishing House in 1961.

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Great Event 7

Highlights of the Hero’s Life Story 7

Man’s First Space Flight. A TASS Report 9

Man’s Safe Return from His First Space Flight 10

The Soviet Union Ushers In a New Era in Human Progress 12

Message from the Central Committee of the C.P.S.U., the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the U.S.S.R. and the Soviet Government to the Communist Party and the Peoples of the Soviet Union, to the Peoples and Governments of All Countries, to the Whole of Progressive Mankind 12

Statement Made by Y. A. Gagarin Before the Take-Off 15
Spaceport 17

Report from the Landing Area of the Vostok 20

To Major Yuri Alexeyevich Gagarin, the Soviet Cosmonaut Who Was the First in the World to Accomplish a Space Flight 23

“A Feat that Will Live Through the Ages.” Conversation Between N. S. Khrushchov and Y. A. Gagarin, the First Space Pilot 24

Space Pilot Speaking 28

“This Feat Is an Embodiment of the Genius of the Soviet People and the Great Might of Socialism” 35

Nation Hails the Hero

Pioneer of the Universe Greeted 38
Meeting and Demonstration in Red Square 41
Speech by Y. A. Gagarin 42
The Great Feat Will Go Down in the Ages. Speech by N. S. Khrushehov 45

Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the U.S.S.R. Conferring the Title of Hero of the Soviet Union upon the Soviet Pilot-Cosmonaut Major Y. A. Gagarin, the World’s First Space Flyer 55

Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the U.S.S.R. Instituting the Tithe of Pilot-Cosmonaut of U.S.S.R. 56

Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the U.S.S.R. Conferring the Title of Pilot-Cosmonaut of the U.S.S.R. upon Major of the Ais Force Y. A. Gagarin 56

Triumph of labour, Science and Reason, Press Conference at the House of Scientists 57
Speech by A. N. Nosmeyanov 57
Speech by Y. A. Gagarin 61
Question Period 66

Man’s First Flight into Space 71

Decisive Step in Mastering Space 72
The Spaceship Vostok 75
Medical and Biological Problems of Man’s Flight into Space 83
Training Space Pilots 86
First Space Flight 91

Posted in books, engineering, foreign languages publishing, soviet, space, technology | Tagged astronaut, biography, cosmonautics, foreign languages publishing house, history, moscow, rocket, soviet, space ship, space travel, yuri gagarin | Leave a comment

Quantitative Analysis – Alexeyev

Posted on January 27, 2022 by The Mitr

In this post, we will see the book Quantitive Analysis by V. N. Alexeyev.

About the book

The present book is sequel to the author’s Qualitative Analysis and Course of Qualitative Chemical Semimicroanalysis. Therefore it does not deal with many theoretical questions, which are fully discussed in these books, at equal length in a course of quantitative analysis. In all such instances merely a brief mention is made of the relevant principles and results, with a reference to the appropriate sections in the textbooks of qualitative analysis. Exceptions are made in discussion of the theoretical principles of activity, the salt effect (§ 20) and oxidation potentials (§ 78). These subjects are the most difficult for students and, moreover, they are often considered only in courses of quantitative analysis. The author’s aim was to correlate theory with the practice of anal ysis and, as in the textbooks of qualitative analysis, to make the theory easily understood by students.

The question of physico-chemical methods of analysis and their place in a course of quantitative analysis is a very serious problem. Only two such methods are considered in detail in the book: colorimetry (visual) and electrogravimetric analysis. Conductometry, potentiometry, polarography, and photocolorimetry are considered only in outline, without descriptions of the methods or examples of determinations.

The book was translated from Russian by E. Uvarov was published in 1969 first by Mir Publishers. There are several reprints in later year.

Original scan from Digital Library of India.

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Editorial Note 11

Chapter I. Introduction 13

Chapter II. Gravimetric Analysis 65

Chapter III. Examples of Gravimetric Determinations 152

Chapter IV. Volumetric Analysis 188

Chapter V. The Neutralisation Method 228

Chapter VI. Examples of Determinations by the Neutralisation Method 292

Chapter VII. Oxidation-Reduction; Methods (Oxidimetry) 312

Chapter VIII. Methods of Precipitation and Complex Formation 393

Chapter IX. Colorimetry 423

Chapter X. Electrochemical Methods of Analysis 463

Appendices 500

Index 518

Posted in books, chemistry, mir books, mir publishers, soviet | Tagged analytical balance, chemical reactions, chemistry, colorimetry, complex analysis, electrochemical methods, gravimetric analysis, mir publishers, neutralisation method, oxidation-reduction methods, precipitation methods, products, quantitative analysis, reactants, solutions, soviet, volumetric analysis, weight | Leave a comment

The Dynamics Of Automatic Control Systems – Popov

Posted on January 26, 2022 by The Mitr

In this post, we will see the book The Dynamics Of Automatic Control Systems by E. P. Popov.

About the book

Prof. Popov’s book on the theory of servomechanisms and control systems will be of interest to English readers in showing the meticulous detail into which Russian engineers and students are led when discussing these subjects.
A few standard and useful examples are taken and form the basis for discussion at all levels, from the most elementary to the most complete and advanced, so that a sense of continuity is preserved throughout the volume.The translation preserves much of the Russian sentence structure and the editor did not find it possible to alter this without a more or less complete rewriting of the translator’s manuscript. Nevertheless, it is hoped that a readable result has been obtained and that the spirit of the whole is faithful to that of the original.

The wide study of the theory of automatic control in our institutions of higher education is a very recent development. Many engineers therefore have come to study it only when already engaged in practical work. The present book has the aim of assisting these broad circles of engineers and students to acquaint themselves in the most accessible form with the foundations of the theory of automatic control, in which the main role is played by the dynamics of control systems.
Following the aim of the most accessible development, the author has consciously tried to reduce to a minimum the use of operational calculus and the theory of functions of the complex variable and everywhere, where possible, to confine himself to the use of the symbolic operational method as a means of simplifying the notation and manipulation of differential equations.
The book presents those theoretical methods of analysis and synthesis of automatic control systems common to systems of various physical natures and designs. The concrete examples presented in the book, therefore, by no means pretend to reproduce the designs of contemporary automatic control systems. They will be only the simplest functional circuits serving to illustrate the principal ideas in the construction of automatic control systems and the application of the theoretical methods developed here. By analogy, the reader may then apply these ideas and methods to the concrete automatic control systems of interest to him.

Attempting to describe in detail the fundamental results of the theory of automatic control, the author has been forced to limit himself to brief remarks on a number of special questions. Statistical methods and questions of representation of automatic control systems have been completely neglected here. Each of these important fields is so specialised that it may constitute the subject of separate books.

The book was translated from Russian was published in 1961.

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CHAPTER I
FORMS OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEMS 3

CHAPTER II
TRANSIENTS IN AUTOMATIC REGULATION SYSTEMS 30

Chapter III
METHODS OF IMPROVING THE REGULATION PROCESS 101

CHAPTER IV
SOME PROBLEMS IN THE THEORY OF AUTOMATIC REGULATION 135

CHAPTER V
LINEARISATION AND TRANSFORMATION OF THE DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS OF AN AUTOMATIC REGULATION SYSTEM 149

CHAPTER VI
SETTING UP THE EQUATIONS OF ORDINARY LINEAR AUTOMATIC REGULATION SYSTEMS 201

CHAPTER VII
STABILITY CRITERIA FOR ORDINARY LINEAR SYSTEMS 241

CHAPTER VIII
CHOICE OF STRUCTURE AND PARAMETERS OF ORDINARY LINEAR AUTOMATIC REGULATION SYSTEMS FROM THE STABILITY CONDITION 283

CHAPTER IX
APPROXIMATE CRITERIA OF THE QUALITY OF TRANSIENT RESPONSE IN LINEAR SYSTEMS FROM THE ROOTS OF THE CHARACTERISTIC EQUATION 314

CHAPTER X
APPROXIMATE CRITERIA OF TRANSIENT QUALITY IN LINEAR SYSTEMS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE RIGHT-HAND SIDE OF THE EQUATION OF THE CLOSED SYSTEM 361

CHAPTER XI
DERIVATION OF THE EQUATIONS OF SYSTEMS WITH DELAY AND WITH DISTRIBUTED PARAMETERS 403

CHAPTER XII
INVESTIGATION OF STABILITY IN SYSTEMS WITH DELAY AND WITH DISTRIBUTED PARAMETERS 419

CHAPTER XIII
PULSE (DISCONTINUOUS) AUTOMATIC REGULATION SYSTEMS 445

CHAPTER XIV
DERIVATION OF THE EQUATIONS OF NON-LINEAR AUTOMATIC REGULATION SYSTEMS 465

CHAPTER XV
STUDY OF STABILITY AND SELF-OSCILLATIONS IN NON-LINEAR AUTOMATIC REGULATION SYSTEMS 487

CHAPTER XVI
THE APPROXIMATE DETERMINATION OF OSCILLATIONS AND STABILITY OF NON-LINEAR SYSTEMS 559

CHAPTER XVII
SELF-OSCILLATIONS IN THE PRESENCE OF AN EXTERNAL FORCE AND FORCED OSCILLATIONS OF NON-LINEAR SYSTEMS 667

CHAPTER XVIII
NUMERICAL-GRAPHICAL METHOD 699

CHAPTER XIX
ANALYTIC SOLUTION AND FREQUENCY METHOD 731

Posted in books, engineering, mathematics, soviet, technology | Tagged analytic solutions, approximations, automation, design, differential equations, dynamics, efficiency, electrical, electronic, engineering, examples, forms, ideas, mechanical, mechanisms, non-linear automatic regulation systems, physical mature, problems, quality criteria, regulation processes, self-oscillations, servo mechnisms, soviet, stability criteria, systems, technology, transients | Leave a comment

The Ruler In Geometrical Constructions (Popular Lectures In Mathematics Vol. 5) – Smogorzhevskii

Posted on January 25, 2022 by The Mitr

In this post, we will see the book The Ruler In Geometrical Constructions by A. S. Smogorzhevskii. This book is Volume 5 of the Popular Lectures In Mathematics series.

About the book

The study of the constructive power of a ruler and compasses, that is of the set of problems soluble by means of these classical tools of geometric constructions (both together or each separately), was carried out fully only in the 19th century. Until then some mathematicians regarded the ruler and compasses as universal instruments, which, if used together, were capable of solving any construction problem. This point of view played a negative role in the history of geometry. It prompted a premeditated attempt to regard each problem on construction as soluble by means of a ruler and compasses and led to the misuse of enormous effort on the futile search for non-existing solutions; this happened, for instance, with problems on squaring the circle, trisecting an angle, duplication of the cube.
The investigation of constructions carried out by means of a ruler alone was given a stimulus by the development of the theory of perspective and by the necessity of performing constructions over large portions of the earth’s surface, where the application of compasses with a large opening is technically impossible, while the construction of straight lines is easily achieved by the use of surveying instruments. In the present book the most typical construction problems, soluble by means of ruler alone, are considered.

The cases when the effectiveness of the use of the ruler is enhanced by the use of a previously drawn definite auxiliary figure in the plane of construction (for example two parallel straight lines or two intersecting circles) are worthy of attention. Many of these cases are also considered by us. In our presentation, we shall keep to the methods of synthetic geometry, i.e. we avoid the application of methods characteristic of arithmetic and algebra. We only permitted some minor deviations from this principle in some of the initial sections, motivated by the desire to simplify the presentation.
We should observe that the proofs of theorems and solutions of problems based on the application of methods of synthetic geometry are often distinguished by great elegance and originality; we hope that the reader will find in this book many examples confirming these words.

We draw the attention of the reader to Section 18, where it is shown that, using the ruler alone, it is impossible to construct the centres of two given non-concentric circles if these circles have no common point. It is well known, that “proofs of impossibility” belong, mostly, to the class of difficult mathematical problems and are usually based on profound and difficult reasoning. We think, that the reader will be interested in the contents of the section mentioned above, where one such proof is to be found.

The book was translated from Russian by Halina Moss and was edited by Ian N. Sneddon. The book was published in 1961.

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Foreword vii

PART 1
SOME THEOREMS OF SYNTHETIC AND PROJECTIVE GEOMETRY

1. Infinitely distant elements of a plane 3
2. Inverse with respect to a circle
3. The power of a point with respect to a circle. The radical axis of two circles. The radical centre of three circles 10
4. Pencils of straight lines and coaxial circles 15
5. Cross ratio 18
6. The harmonic distribution of four points on a straight line, and four straight lines of a pencil 21
7. ‘The harmonic properties of a complete quadrangle 23
8. Conic sections 25
9. Polar properties of conic sections 27
10. The theorems of Brianchon and Pascal 33

PART 2
GEOMETRICAL CONSTRUCTIONS WITH THE AID OF A RULER

11. The construction of certain rectilinear figures by means of a ruler 41
12. Ruler constructions connected with conic sections 44
13. Ruler constructions, given two parallel straight lines 51
14. Ruler constructions, given a parallelogram or a square 56
15. Ruler constructions, given a circle and its centre 59
16. Ruler constructions, given the centre of a circle and its arc 67
17. The construction, by means of a ruler, of circles belonging to a given coaxial system 71
18. On the impossibility of constructing the centre of a circle by means of a ruler 75
19. Cases, when it is possible to construct the centres of two drawn circles by means of a ruler 78
20. On the construction by means of a ruler, of the
centres of several circles 83

Posted in books, mathematics, popular lectures in mathematics, soviet | Tagged brianchon theorem, circle, constructions with ruler only, cross ratio, geometrical constructions, geometry, inverse with a circle, mathematics, pascal's theorem, polygons, popular lectures in mathematics, projective geometry, proofs, rectilinear figures, soviet, triangles | 1 Comment

A Short Handbook of Heat Treatment – Kamenichny

Posted on January 24, 2022 by The Mitr

In this post, we will see A Short Handbook Of Heat Treatment by I. Kamenichny .

About the book

The present hand book aims at giving the operating personnel of heat-treatment shops a reference book which would serve to overcome difficulties arising in everyday practice.

The handbook describes heat-treatment charts, heat-treatment procedures for tools, parts of lathes, automobiles, and agricultural machinery.

In addition the handbook deals briefly with the following subjects: quality control of metals before and after heat-treatment; heat-treatment and case-hardening of steel; heat-treatment of cast iron, non-ferrous metals, and alloys. The book also contains some practical hints on safety engineering.

The book was translated from Russian by I. Savin and designed V. Novoselova. The book was published in 1969 by Peace Publishers.

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Preface 5

Chapter I. Physical Characteristics 7

1. Mechanical Characteristics 7
2. Thermal Characteristics 8
3. Electrical Characteristics 9
4. Some Properties of Elements and Materials Dealt with in Heat-treatment of Metals 10

Chapter II. Quality Control of Metals 13

1. Hardness 13
2. Detection of Cracks in Metals 22
3. Approximate Determination of Steel Composition 94

Chapter III. Steel 26

1. Constituents of Steel 26
2. Structure of Iron and Steel. Equilibrium Diagram of Iron-carbon Alloys 26
3. Alloying Elements and Their Effect on the Properties of Steel 31
4. Chemical Composition and. ‘Hardness of Market Steels 31
5. Common Uses of Various Grades of Steels and Alloys 61

Chapter IV. Heat-treatment of Steel 74

1. Heating of Steel 74
2. Oxidation and Decarburisation on Heating 76
3. Annealing 78
4. Normalising 81
5. Hardening 81
6. Tempering 93

Chapter V. Case-hardening 104

1. Carburising 104
2. Nitriding 113
3. Cyaniding 116
4. Calorising 122
5. Sulphiding (sulphating) 122
6. Cleaning and Pickling of Articles after Heat-treatment 128
7. Anticorrosion Protection for Articles after Heat-treatment 129

Chapter VI. Heat-treatment Technology 130

1. Approximate Heat-treatment Schedules and Mechanical Properties of Various Grades of Steels 130
2. Practical Hints on Heat-treatment of Articles 161

Chapter VII. Heat-treatment of Cast Iron 197

Chapter VIII. Heat-treatment of Non-ferrous Metals 201

Chapter IX. Forging of Ferrous and Non-ferrous Metals 203

1. Forging of Steel 223
2. Forging of Non-ferrous Metals 230

Chapter: X. Manufacture of Built-up Cutting Tools 234

Chapter: XI. Equipment, Fuel and Accessory Materials for Heat-treatment 243

1. Furnaces 243
2. Refractories 252
3. Fuel 252
4. Temperature Control Instruments 254

Chapter: XII. Safety Engineering 268

INDEX 272

Posted in books, engineering, metals, soviet, technology | Tagged alloys, cast iron, cutting tools, engineering, equipments, forging, hardening, heat, metal working, metallurgy, metals, non-ferrous metals, peace publishers, quality control, safety, smelting, soviet, steel, technique, technology, tools | 1 Comment

Sons of the Blue Planet – Lebedev, Luk’yanov, Romanov

Posted on January 23, 2022 by The Mitr

In this post, we will see the book Sons Of The Blue Planet by L. Lebedev; B. Lyk’yanov; A. Romanov.

About the book

The daring wish of mankind was, and still is, to look at the earth from a sufficient height to be able to encompass the whole of it at a glance, and to find out what lies in the depths beyond the blue dome of the sky. This interest, this desire to apprehend what surrounds the world, is a mighty and unquenchable thirst, which leads humanity from one step in its development to another, higher one.

Today when much arm-chair talk is going on about the Apollo Moon missions, the first exciting events toward mastering outer space seem to have lost their glamor. Indeed the beginning of the space era is to be traced to the launching of the first artificial earth satellite into the orbit. Manned flights in spacecraft started with the historic flight of Yurii Gagarin. Since then tremendous advances have been made, many records broken, and new records established in the space race between the world’s two great space giants.

This book is devoted to the decade since the day of the historic flight by Yurii Gagarin. The book tells about all the Soviet astronauts, their lives, aspirations and exploits. The matter has been presented in a very lucid narrative style and the authors of the book have established intimate rapport with the astronauts. It also presents short biographical sketches of Russian astronauts.

The presence of Gagarin is felt throughout the book because he started the starry hour of humanity’s venture into space. His space comrades strive to multiply our successes in understanding and conquering the universe with their efforts and knowledge.

The book was translated from Russian by Prema Pande and edited by V. S. Kothekar and was published for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration in 1973.

Original scan by NASA Technical Documents

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THE SHORE OF THE UNIVERSE, BY B.N. PETROV 1

IN OUR HEARTS 7
TUE “VOSTOK” DESIGN 26
MIGHTY WINGS 39
HOW THE ASTRONAUTS WERE TRAINED 49
MAN OR IRON TENACITY 59
THE JOY OF A COMMUNIST 67
TUE FIRST GROUP FLIGHT 75
A YOUNA COMMUNIST LEAGUER’S HEART 83
SEA GULL 95
“HAWK” AND “SEA GULL” IN “OUTER SPACE 102
OUTER SPACE CREW 111
THE NEW ROCKET-SPACE 128
STEPS OVER THE PLANET 141
MAN IN THE OPEN IN OUTER SPACE 157
“I SEE A TESTER IN HIM…” 163
NEW AIMS — NEW CRAFT 169
MASTER 177
AUTOMATIC DEVICES DOCK IN OUTER SPACE 177
A DREAM COMES TRUE 193
‘ZARYA’, THIS IS ‘BAIKAL’ 205
ALEKSEI ELISEEV’S MAIDEN TRIP 212
AN ASTRONAUT RECRUITED ALONG WITH GAGARIN 218
EXPERIMENTAL SPACE STATION 224
TOWARD THE CHERISHED GOAL 233
FLIGHT ENGINEER OF “SOYUZ-6” 240
THE CHUGUEV TEMPERING 253
THE WAY TO START 260
SON OR KUBAN’ 267
THEE LENIN SHIFT 277
“TO FLY CONTINUOUSLY” 283
THE RESEARCH PROGRAM 288
“KNOWLEDGE, AND AGAIN MORE KNOWLEDGE” 299
THE DEAREST THING 307
424 HOURS IN ORBIT AROUND THE EARTH 314
A PEEP INTO THE FUTURE 318
IN THE NAME OF MAN 325

Posted in books, history, NASA Technical Translations, soviet, space, technology | Tagged astronauts, biographies, cosmonauts, history, russian, soviet, soyuz, space, space ship, space station, space technology, space travel, yuri gargarin | Leave a comment

Some Basic Problems of The Mathematical Theory of Elasticity – Muskhelishvili

Posted on January 22, 2022 by The Mitr

In this post, we will see the book Some Basic Problems of The Mathematical Theory of Elasticity by N. I. Muskhelishvili.

About the book

This book reproduces, in a considerably revised and enlarged form, the contents of a course of lectures, delivered by the author in Spring 1931 at the invitation of the Seismological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R. before the scientific workers of the Institute, and of lectures delivered in 1932 before post-graduate students of the Physico- Mathematical Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics at the University of Leningrad. The lectures were intended for persons acquainted with the principles of the theory of elasticity and were to be devoted to separate fundamental questions the choice of which was largely left to me; author naturally dwelt on subject matter in which author had been working myself.

Thus, this book deals only with a few chapters of the theory of elasticity each of which receives fairly complete treatment.

The book was translated from Russian by JRM Radok and was published in 1948.

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Part I – Fundamental equations of the mechanics of an elastic body. 1

CHAPTER 1. ANALYSIS OF STRESS. 5

CHAPTER 2. ANALYSIS OF STRAIN 28

CHAPTER 3. THE FUNDAMENTAL LAW OF THE THEORY OF ELASTICITY; THE BASIC EQUATIONS. 52

Part II – General formulae of the plane theory of elasticity 85

CHAPTER 4. BASIC EQUATIONS OF THE PLANE THEORY OF ELASTICITY. 89

CHAPTER 5. STRESS FUNCTION. COMPLEX REPRESENTATION OF THE GENERAL SOLUTION OF THE EQUATIONS OF THE PLANE THEORY OF ELASTICITY. 104

CHAPTER 6. MULTI-VALUED DISPLACEMENTS. THERMAL STRESSES. 157

CHAPTER 7. TRANSFORMATION OF THE BASIC FORMULAE FOR CON-
FORMAL MAPPING. 166

PART III – Solution of several problems of the plane theory of Aran by means of power series 187

CHAPTER 8. ON FOURIER SERIES. 189

CHAPTER 9. SOLUTION FOR REGIONS, BOUNDED BY A CIRCLE. 194

CHAPTER 10. THE CIRCULAR RING. 218

CHAPTER 11. APPLICATION OF CONFORMAL MAPPING. 237

Part IV – On Cauchy Integrals 251

CHAPTER 12, FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES OF CAUCHY INTEGRALS 253

CHAPTER 13. BOUNDARY VALUES OF HOLOMORPHIC FUNCTIONS. 283

Part V – Application of Cauchy integrals to the solution of boundary problems of plane elasticity

CHAPTER 14, GENERAL SOLUTION OF THE FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS FOR REGIONS BOUNDED BY ONE CONTOUR. 303

CHAPTER 15. SOLUTION OF THE FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS FOR
REGIONS MAPPED ON TO A CIRCLE BY RATIONAL FUNCTIONS. EXTENSION TO APPROXIMATE SOLUTION FOR REGIONS OF GENERAL SHAPE

CHAPTER 16. SOLUTION OF THE FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS FOR THE HALF-PLANE AND FOR SEMI-INFINITE REGIONS 373

CHAPTER 17. SOME GENERAL METHODS OF SOLUTION OF BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS. GENERALIZATIONS. 395

Part VI – Solution of the boundary of the plane theory of elasticity
by reduction to the problem of linear relationship 425

CHAPTER 18. THE PROBLEM OF LINEAR RELATIONSHIP 427

CHAPTER 19. SOLUTION OF THE FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS FOR THE HALF-PLANE AND FOR THE PLANE WITH STRAIGHT CUTS. 451

CHAPTER 20. SOLUTION OF BOUNDARY PROBLEMS FOR REGIONS, BOUNDED BY CIRCLES, AND FOR THE INFINITE PLANE, CUT ALONG CIRCULAR ARCS. 504

CHAPTER 21. SOLUTION OF THE BOUNDARY PROBLEMS FOR REGIONS, MAPPED ON TO THE CIRCLE BY RATIONAL FUNCTIONS 525

Part VII –
Extension, torsion and bending of homogeneous and compound bars 557

CHAPTER 22, TORSION AND BENDING OF HOMOGENEOUS BARS (PROBLEM OF SAINT-VENANT). 561

CHAPTER 23. TORSION OF BARS CONSISTING OF DIFFERENT
MATERIALS. 597

CHAPTER 24. EXTENSION AND BENDING OF BARS, CONSISTING OF DIFFERENT MATERIALS WITH UNIFORM POISSON’S RATIO 614

CHAPTER 25. EXTENSION AND BENDING FOR DIFFERENT POISSON’S RATIOS 624

APPENDIX l. On the concept of a tensor 656
APPENDIX 2. On the determination of functions from their differentials in multiply connected regions 671
APPENDIX 3. Determination of a function of a complex variable from its real part. Indefinite integrals of holomorphic functions 682

Author Index 687
Subject Index 701

Posted in books, engineering, mathematics, soviet | Tagged bars, bending, boundary value problems, cauchy integral, conformal mappings, elasticity, equations, extensions, fourier series, fundamental law, generalization, holomorphic functions, linear relationships, mathematics, solutions, strain, stress, stress function, theory, thermal stress, torsion | 1 Comment

Our Atmospheric Ocean – Kolobkov

Posted on January 21, 2022 by The Mitr

In this post, we will see the book Our Atmospheric Ocean by N. Kolobkov.

About the book

A book about various atmospheric phenomena.

The importance of the atmosphere in the life of our planet cannot be overestimated. The earth is surrounded on all sides by air, with the surface like the floor of an enormous ocean of gas.

The atmosphere is like a mantle preserving the heat that comes from the sun. It is like the glass of a hot-house, for it lets in the solar rays but prevents the heat from dissipating into space. That is why the alternation of day and night on our planet does not give rise to sharp contrasts of heat and cold. The atmosphere is the planet’s invisible shield. It protects all living beings on earth from the scorching rays of the sun. It gives birth to the clouds, to the winds, and to the rains. It scatters the sunshine and makes gradual the change from light to darkness; it brings light to hidden parts of the globe; and it is a medium for the propagation of sound. Through the air, liners fly to all parts of the world. And through the air, man’s first interplanetary ships will hurtle.

This is why we must study the atmosphere, its composition, its properties, and its structure. The history of atmospheric studies is the story of how man learned about the clouds and beyond, of how he made light, sound, and radio serve as his scouts into this ocean of air. It is the history of numerous inventions, bold surmises, and wonderful discoveries. The achievements of investigators of the atmosphere are added proof of the prowess of science disclosing the innermost secrets of nature.

The book was translated from Russian by George Yankovsky and was published in 1960 by Foreign Languages Publishing House.

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Introduction 5

Part One
THE ATMOSPHERE

Chapter One. The Atmospheric Ocean and Methods of Studying It 15
Chapter Two. Atmospheric Electricity 95
Chapter Three, Lightning and Thunder 106

Part Two
STORMS

Chapter One. Thunderstorms 143
Chapter Two. Rainstorms 167
Chapter Three. Windstorms 200
Chapter Four. The Effects of Large Cities on the Microclimate 258

Part Three
EXTRAORDINARY PHENOMENA IN THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE

Chapter One. Phenomena in the Upper Layers of the Atmosphere 301
Chapter Two. Optical Phenomena іп the Atmosphere 312

Posted in books, foreign languages publishing, meteorology, physics, popular science, science, soviet | Tagged atmosphere, atmospheric phenomena, climate, clouds, foreign languages publishing house, geology, lightning, meteorology, observatories, optical phenomena, rain, sky, snow, soviet, thunder, thunderstorms, weather, winds, windstorms | 1 Comment

About the book

Contents

About the book

Contents

Chapter One. THE MICROENVIRONMENT AND ITS PLACE IN THE SYSTEM OF SOCIAL RELATIONS

Chapter Two. THE STRUCTURE OF THE MICROENVIRONMENT AND CERTAIN TRENDS OF CHANGE IN MODERN CONDITIONS

Chapter Three. THE DIALECTICS OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE MICROENVIRONMENT

About the book

Contents

About the book

Contents

Editorial Note 11

Chapter I. Introduction 13

Chapter II. Gravimetric Analysis 65

Chapter III. Examples of Gravimetric Determinations 152

Chapter IV. Volumetric Analysis 188

Chapter V. The Neutralisation Method 228

Chapter VI. Examples of Determinations by the Neutralisation Method 292

Chapter VII. Oxidation-Reduction; Methods (Oxidimetry) 312

Chapter VIII. Methods of Precipitation and Complex Formation 393

Chapter IX. Colorimetry 423

Chapter X. Electrochemical Methods of Analysis 463

Appendices 500

Index 518

About the book

Contents

About the book

Contents

PART 1 SOME THEOREMS OF SYNTHETIC AND PROJECTIVE GEOMETRY

PART 2 GEOMETRICAL CONSTRUCTIONS WITH THE AID OF A RULER

About the book

Contents

Chapter I. Physical Characteristics 7

Chapter II. Quality Control of Metals 13

Chapter III. Steel 26

Chapter IV. Heat-treatment of Steel 74

Chapter V. Case-hardening 104

Chapter VI. Heat-treatment Technology 130

Chapter VII. Heat-treatment of Cast Iron 197

Chapter VIII. Heat-treatment of Non-ferrous Metals 201

Chapter IX. Forging of Ferrous and Non-ferrous Metals 203

Chapter: X. Manufacture of Built-up Cutting Tools 234

Chapter: XI. Equipment, Fuel and Accessory Materials for Heat-treatment 243

Chapter: XII. Safety Engineering 268

About the book

Contents

About the book

Contents

Part I – Fundamental equations of the mechanics of an elastic body. 1

CHAPTER 1. ANALYSIS OF STRESS. 5

CHAPTER 2. ANALYSIS OF STRAIN 28

CHAPTER 3. THE FUNDAMENTAL LAW OF THE THEORY OF ELASTICITY; THE BASIC EQUATIONS. 52

Part II – General formulae of the plane theory of elasticity 85

CHAPTER 4. BASIC EQUATIONS OF THE PLANE THEORY OF ELASTICITY. 89

CHAPTER 5. STRESS FUNCTION. COMPLEX REPRESENTATION OF THE GENERAL SOLUTION OF THE EQUATIONS OF THE PLANE THEORY OF ELASTICITY. 104

CHAPTER 6. MULTI-VALUED DISPLACEMENTS. THERMAL STRESSES. 157

CHAPTER 7. TRANSFORMATION OF THE BASIC FORMULAE FOR CON- FORMAL MAPPING. 166

PART III – Solution of several problems of the plane theory of Aran by means of power series 187

CHAPTER 8. ON FOURIER SERIES. 189

CHAPTER 9. SOLUTION FOR REGIONS, BOUNDED BY A CIRCLE. 194

CHAPTER 10. THE CIRCULAR RING. 218

CHAPTER 11. APPLICATION OF CONFORMAL MAPPING. 237

Part IV – On Cauchy Integrals 251

CHAPTER 12, FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES OF CAUCHY INTEGRALS 253

CHAPTER 13. BOUNDARY VALUES OF HOLOMORPHIC FUNCTIONS. 283

Part V – Application of Cauchy integrals to the solution of boundary problems of plane elasticity

CHAPTER 14, GENERAL SOLUTION OF THE FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS FOR REGIONS BOUNDED BY ONE CONTOUR. 303

CHAPTER 15. SOLUTION OF THE FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS FOR REGIONS MAPPED ON TO A CIRCLE BY RATIONAL FUNCTIONS. EXTENSION TO APPROXIMATE SOLUTION FOR REGIONS OF GENERAL SHAPE

CHAPTER 16. SOLUTION OF THE FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS FOR THE HALF-PLANE AND FOR SEMI-INFINITE REGIONS 373

CHAPTER 17. SOME GENERAL METHODS OF SOLUTION OF BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS. GENERALIZATIONS. 395

Part VI – Solution of the boundary of the plane theory of elasticity by reduction to the problem of linear relationship 425

CHAPTER 18. THE PROBLEM OF LINEAR RELATIONSHIP 427

CHAPTER 19. SOLUTION OF THE FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS FOR THE HALF-PLANE AND FOR THE PLANE WITH STRAIGHT CUTS. 451

CHAPTER 20. SOLUTION OF BOUNDARY PROBLEMS FOR REGIONS, BOUNDED BY CIRCLES, AND FOR THE INFINITE PLANE, CUT ALONG CIRCULAR ARCS. 504

CHAPTER 21. SOLUTION OF THE BOUNDARY PROBLEMS FOR REGIONS, MAPPED ON TO THE CIRCLE BY RATIONAL FUNCTIONS 525

Part VII – Extension, torsion and bending of homogeneous and compound bars 557

CHAPTER 22, TORSION AND BENDING OF HOMOGENEOUS BARS (PROBLEM OF SAINT-VENANT). 561

CHAPTER 23. TORSION OF BARS CONSISTING OF DIFFERENT MATERIALS. 597

CHAPTER 24. EXTENSION AND BENDING OF BARS, CONSISTING OF DIFFERENT MATERIALS WITH UNIFORM POISSON’S RATIO 614

CHAPTER 25. EXTENSION AND BENDING FOR DIFFERENT POISSON’S RATIOS 624

Chapter One. THE MICROENVIRONMENT AND ITS PLACE
IN THE SYSTEM OF SOCIAL RELATIONS

Chapter Three. THE DIALECTICS OF THE INTERACTION
BETWEEN THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE MICROENVIRONMENT

PART 1
SOME THEOREMS OF SYNTHETIC AND PROJECTIVE GEOMETRY

PART 2
GEOMETRICAL CONSTRUCTIONS WITH THE AID OF A RULER

CHAPTER 7. TRANSFORMATION OF THE BASIC FORMULAE FOR CON-
FORMAL MAPPING. 166

CHAPTER 15. SOLUTION OF THE FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS FOR
REGIONS MAPPED ON TO A CIRCLE BY RATIONAL FUNCTIONS. EXTENSION TO APPROXIMATE SOLUTION FOR REGIONS OF GENERAL SHAPE

Part VI – Solution of the boundary of the plane theory of elasticity
by reduction to the problem of linear relationship 425

Part VII –
Extension, torsion and bending of homogeneous and compound bars 557

CHAPTER 23. TORSION OF BARS CONSISTING OF DIFFERENT
MATERIALS. 597