Chemistry And Technology Of Basic Organic And Petrochemical Synthesis Volumes 1, 2 by N.N. Lebedev

This is an English version of the textbook published in Russian in 1981 (the third Russian edition). The presentation of the material on basic chemical processes follows the pattern widely adopted in most educational institutions. This has made possible a unified) presentation of the theory and technology of the most important processes and provides a better understanding of the methods of manufacture of nufnerous products of basic and petrochemical synthesis.
Much emphasis is placed on the problems of the economy of raw materials and energy, environmental protection, and on the new trends in the development of the processes.
The author will be grateful for any comments and criticisms.

Translated from the Russian by A. Beknazarov

Credits to the original uploaders, this is a cleaned optimised scan.

You can get Volume 1 here and here

You can get Volume 2 here and here

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Contents

Volume 1

Preface
Introduction

1.1. The Most Important Products of Basic Organic and Petrochemical Synthesis
1.2. Development of Basic Organic and Petrochemical Synthesis Technology

VOLUME 1
Chapter 1. Starting Materials for Basic Organic and Petrochemical Synthesis
1.1. Paraffins
1.1.1. Derivation of Lower Paraffins from Natural and Casinghead Gases
1.1.2. Derivation of Higher Paraffins from Petroleum Products
1.1.3. Isomerization of Paraffins
1.2. Olefins
1.2.1. Theoretical Foundations of Cracking and Pyrolysis
1.2.2. Technology of Cracking and Pyrolysis
1.2.3. Derivation and Concentration of Olefins
1.2.4. Production of Olefins by Their Interconversion Reactions
1.3. Aromatic Hydrocarbons
1.3.1. Aromatization of Petroleum Products
1.3.2. Coal Coking
1.3.3. Derivation and Concentration of Aromatic Hydrocarbons
1.3.4. Production of Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Isomerization and Dealkylation
1.4. Acetylene
1.4.1. Production of Acetylene from Calcium Carbide
1.4.2. Production of Acetylene from Hydrocarbons
1.4.3. Comparison of Methods of Acetylene Production
1.5. Carbon Monoxide and Synthesis Gas
1.5.1. Production of Synthesis Gas by Catalytic Conversion of Hydrocarbons
1.5.2. Production of Synthesis Gas by High-Temperature Conversion of Hydrocarbons
1.5.3. Production of Synthesis Gas by Coal Gasification
1.5.4. Production of Concentrated Carbon Monoxide

Chapter 2. Halogenation Processes
2.1. General Description of Halogenation Processes
2.2. Radical-Chain Chlorination
2.2.1. Chemistry and Theoretical Foundations of the Process
2.2.2. Technology of Liquid-Phase Chlorination
2.2.3. Technology of Gas-Phase Chlorination
2.3. Ionic-Catalytic Halogenation
2.3.1. Additive Halogenation by Free Halogens
2.3.2. Hydrohalogenation Processes
2.3.3. Nuclear Chlorination of Aromatic Compounds
2.3.4. Halogenation of Oxygen-Containing and Nitrogen Compounds
2.4. Decomposition Reactions of Chloro Derivatives, Combined and Coupled Chlorination Reactions
2.4.1. Decomposition Processes, Their Combination and Coupling with Chlorination Reactions
2.4.2. Oxidative Chlorination and Synthesis of Chloro Derivatives Combined with Oxidative Chlorination
2.5. Fluorination Processes
2.5.1. Fluorination by Molecular Fluorine and Higher Metal Fluorides
2.5.2. Fluorination by Hydrogen Fluoride and Its Salts. Production of Fluoro-Olefins

Chapter 3. Hydrolysis, Hydration, Dehydration, Esterification and Amidation
3.1. Hydrolysis and Alkaline Dehydrochlorination of Chloro Derivatives
3.1.1. Chemistry and Theoretical Foundations of the Hydrolysis of Chloro Derivatives
3.1.2. Production of Chloro-Olefins and a-Oxides by Alkaline Dehydrochlorination
3.1.3. Production of Alcohols and Phenols by Hydrolysis
3.2. Hydration and Dehydration Processes
3.2.1. Chemistry and Theoretical Foundations of the Process
3.2.2. Hydration of Olefins and Acetylene
3.2.3. Dehydration Processes
3.3. Esterification Processes
3.3.1. Chemistry and Theoretical Foundations of Esterification Processes
3.3.2. Technology of the Synthesis of Esters of Carboxylic Acids
3.3.3. Production of Esters from Acid Chlorides, Carbonates, and Esters of Phosphorus Acids
3.4. Synthesis and Conversions of Nitrogen Derivatives of Acids
3.4.1. Synthesis and Conversions of Nitrogen Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids
3.4.2. Synthesis and Conversions of Nitrogen Derivatives of Carbonic Acid

Chapter 4. Alkylation Processes
4.1. General Description of Alkylation Reactions
4.2. C-Alkylation
4.2.1. Chemistry and Theory of the Alkylation of Aromatic Compounds in the Ring
4.2.2. Technology of the Alkylation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons
4.2.3. Alkylation of Phenols
4.2.4. Alkylation of Paraffins
4.3. Alkylation at Oxygen, Sulphur, and Nitrogen Atoms
4.3.1. O-Alkylation
4.3.2. S-Alkylation
4.3.3. Synthesis of Amines by N-Alkylation Reactions
4.4. p-Ethoxylation and Other Syntheses Based on a-Oxides
4.4.1. Chemistry and Theoretical Foundations of Syntheses from a-Oxides
4.4.2. Technology of Syntheses from a-Oxides
4.5. Vinylation Processes
4.5.1. Vinylation Catalyzed by Transition-Metal Salts
4.5.2. Vinylation Catalyzed by Alkalis
4.6. Alkylation at Atoms of Other Elements
4.6.1. Synthesis of Organosilicon Compounds
4.6.2. Organoaluminium Compounds and Syntheses Based on Them

VOLUME 2

Chapter 5. Sulphation, Sulphonation and Nitration Processes
5.1. Sulphation of Alcohols and Olefins. Surfactants of the Alkyl Sulphate Type
5.2. Sulphonation Processes. Surfactants of the Alkene and Aryl Sulphonate Types
5.3. Sulphochlorination and Sulphoxidation of Paraffins. Surfactants of the Alkyl Sulphonate Type
5.4. Nitration Processes
5.4.1. Nitration of Aromatic Compounds
5.4.2. Nitration of Saturated Hydrocarbons

Chapter 6. Oxidation Processes
6.1. General Description of Oxidation Processes
6.2. Homogeneous Oxidation at the Saturated Carbon Atom
6.2.1. Scientific and Engineering Foundations of the Process
6.2.2. Oxidation of Hydrocarbons to Hydroperoxides. Production of Phenol and Acetone
6.2.3. Oxidation of Paraffins
6.2.4. Oxidation of Naphthenes and Their Derivatives
6.2.5. Oxidation of Methylbenzenes to Aromatic Acids
6.2.6. Oxidation of Saturated Aldehydes and Alcohols
6.3. Heterogeneous-Catalytic Oxidation of Hydrocarbons and Their Derivatives
6.3.1. Scientific and Engineering Foundations of the Process
6.3.2. Oxidation of Olefins at the Saturated Carbon Atom
6.3.3. Oxidative Ammonolysis of Hydrocarbons
6.3.4. Production of Phthalic, Maleic and Other Cyclic Anhydrides
6.3.5. Production of Ethylene Oxide
6.4. Oxidation of Olefins Catalyzed by Metal Complexes
6.4.1. Epoxidation of Unsaturated Compounds
6.4.2. Oxidation and Oxidative Coupling of Olefins Catalyzed by Metal Complexes

Chapter 7. Dehydrogenation and Hydrogenation Processes
7.1. Physicochemical Foundations of Dehydrogenation and Hydrogenation Processes
7.1.1. Thermodynamics of Dehydrogenation and Hydrogenation Reactions
7.1.2. Catalysis, Mechanism and Kinetics of Dehydrogenation and Hydrogenation Reactions
7.2. Chemistry and Technology of Dehydrogenation Processes
7.2.1. Dehydrogenation and Oxidation of Alcohols
7.2.2. Dehydrogenation of Alkylaromatic Compounds. Production of Styrene and Its Homologues
7.2.3. Dehydrogenation of Paraffins and Olefins. Production of Butadiene and Isoprene
7.3. Chemistry and Technology of Hydrogenation Processes
7.3.1. Hydrogenation of Hydrocarbons
7.3.2. Hydrogenation of Oxygen-Containing Compounds
7.3.3. Hydrogenation of Nitrogen Compounds
7.3.4. Technology of Liquid-Phase Hydrogenation
7.3.5. Technology of Gas-Phase Hydrogenation

Chapter 8. Syntheses Based on Carbon Monoxide
8.1. Syntheses from Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen
8.2. Oxo Synthesis
8.3. Synthesis of Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives Based on Carbon Monoxide

Chapter 9. Condensation at the Carbonyl Group
9.1. Condensation of Aldehydes and Ketones with Aromatic Compounds
9.2. Synthesis of Acetals and the Prins Reaction. Production of Isoprene
9.3. Condensation of Aldehydes and Ketones with Nitrogen Bases. Production of Caprolactam
9.4. Reactions of the Aldol Condensation Type

Subject Index