A manual for a variety of laboratory exercises in general chemistry.
Translated from the Russian by Boris Belitsky
Original scan by DLI
You can get the book here and here
Follow us on
Twitter https://x.com/MirTitles
Mastadon https://mastodon.social/@mirtitles
Bluesky https://bsky.app/profile/mirtitles.bsky.social
Tumblr https://www.tumblr.com/mirtitles
Internet Archive https://archive.org/details/mir-titles
Fork us on gitlab https://gitlab.com/mirtitles
Contents
Introduction
EXERCISES
Heating and Weighing 9
Solution, Filtration and Hydrometry 16
Determining the Molecular Weight of a Gas (Vapour) 24
Laboratory Techniques 35
Determining the Chemical Formula of a Substance 39
Determining Chemical Equivalents 46
Determining the Purity of a Substance 52
Thermal Effects of Reactions 62
Reaction Rates and Chemical Equilibrium 69
Preparation of Solutions 81
Solubility of Substances 86
Solutions of Fluids 94
Properties of Solutions 102
Electrolytes 109
Reactions in Electrolyte Solutions 118
Oxidation-reduction Reactions 129
Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Ozone 145
Water and Hydrogen Peroxide 152
Properties of Metals and Alloys 159
Metals 172
Subgroup Elements 179
Complex Compounds 186
Beryllium, Magnesium, and the Alkaline Earth Metals 193
Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury 200
The Elements of the Third Group of the Periodic System 207
Carbon, Silicon, and Their Compounds 213
The Elements of the Germanium and Titanium Series and Their Compounds 222
Colloidal Solutions 229
The Elements of the Fifth Group of the Periodic System and Their Hydrides 235
Oxygen Compounds of the Elements of the Fifth Group 243
Oxygen Compounds of the Elements of the Fifth Group (Continued) 250
The Elements of the Sixth Group of the Periodic System and Their Hydrogen Compounds 256
Oxygen Compounds of the Elements of the Sixth Group 263
Oxygen Compounds of the Elements of the Sixth Group (Continued) 268
The Elements of the Chromium Subgroup 275
The Halogens 280
Hydrogen Compounds of the Halogens 285
Oxygen Compounds of the Halogens 291
The Elements of the Manganese Subgroup 296
Iron and Its Analogues 301
Cobalt, Nickel, and Their Analogues 306
Synthesis of Inorganic Substances 312
ANSWERS TO PROBLEMS 325
APPENDICES
I. Relative Densities and Concentrations of Some Salt Solutions 329
II. Solubilities of Some Salts 329
III. Relative Densities of Sulphuric Acid Solutions 330
IV. Relative Densities of Nitric Acid Solutions 330
V. Relative Densities of Hydrochloric Acid Solutions 331
VI. Relative Densities of Ammonia Solutions 331
VII. Relative Densities of KOH and NaOH Solutions at 15° 332
VIII. Relative Densities and Degrees Baume at 17.5° (for liquids heavier than water) 332
IX. Relative Densities and Degrees Baume at 17.5° (for liquids lighter than water) 332
X. Cryoscopic Constants 333
XI. Ebullioscopic Constants 333
XII. Ionisation Constants 333
XIII. Solubility Products 335
XIV. Complex Ion Instability Constants 335
XV. Normal Redox Potentials 336
XVI. Some Ionic Radii 337
XVII. Logarithms 337
TABLES IN THE TEXT
1. Effectiveness of Dehydrating Agents in Drying Air 27
2. Aqueous Vapour Tension 28
3. Vapour Pressure over Saturated Solution of Sodium Chloride 59
4. Heat of Solution of Some Gases in Water 96
5. Coefficients for Absorption of Several Gases by Water 97
6. Absorption Coefficient of Air 101
7. Salts Used to Prepare Cooling Mixtures 108
8. Mixtures of Salts Used to Prepare Cooling Mixtures 108
9. Degree of Ionisation of Some Electrolytes 110
10. Solubility of Some Substances in Water 120
11. D. I. Mendeleyev’s Periodic Table of Elements 131
12. Composition and Properties of Some Composite Negative Ions 136
13. Reducing and Oxidising Agents 138
14. Melting Points of Zn-Cd System 161
15. Electromotive Series of Metals 164
16. Colour of Borax Beads 212
