A collection of articles on psychological research in the USSR.

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Contents

From the Editors ……………………………………………………………………. 7

PART ONE
General Problems of Psychology and Psychophysiology

Development of the Higher Mental Functions, by L. S. Vygotsky.
Translated by D. Myshne …………………………………………………………… 11

Problem of Development of the Higher Mental Functions ………….. 11
Method of Investigation ……………………………………………………….. 15
Structure of the Higher Mental Functions ………………………………… 21
Genesis of the Higher Mental Functions ………………………………….. 35

Problems of Psychological Theory, by S. L. Rubinstein.
Translated by D. Myshne …………………………………………………………… 59

Special Features of the Afferent Apparatus of the Conditioned Reflex and Their Importance to Psychology, by P. K. Anokhin.
Translated by D. Myshne …………………………………………………………… 67

Concerning the Decisive Role of Afferent Systems in Nervous Activity ………………………………………………………………………….. 68
Theory of Return Afferentation ………………………………………………. 71
Theory of the Acceptor of Action ……………………………………………. 81
Role of the Foregoing Theory in Explaining Certain Physiological and Mental Phenomena ……………………………………………………… 94

The Physiology of Conditioned Reflex, by E. A. Asratyan ………… 99

Bilateral Regulation as a Mechanism of Behaviour, by B. G. Ananyev.
Translated by D. Rottenberg …………………………………………………….. 128

Some Problems on the Control of Motor Acts, by N. A. Bernstein.
Translated by D. Danimanis ……………………………………………………… 139

Results of Experimental Studies on Properties of the Nervous System in Man, by B. M. Teplov and V. D. Nebylitsyn.
Translated by D. Rottenberg …………………………………………………….. 151

“Properties” and “Types” …………………………………………………….. 152
Syndromes of Basic Properties of the Nervous System …………….. 182
Correlation Between Mobility and Strength of the Nervous System …………………………………………………………………………… 186
Investigation of the “Inhibitory” Problem ……………………………….. 189
Electrical Activity of the Cerebral Cortex and Properties of the Nervous System ……………………………………………………………. 193
PART TWO
Sensations. Perceptions

On the Nature of Mental Reflection, by J. V. Shorokhova.
Translated by D. Myshne …………………………………………………………. 201

Interaction of the Sense Organs, by S. V. Kravkov.
Translated by D. Rottenberg …………………………………………………….. 225

Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………. 259

Manual Interaction in the Process of Tactile Perception, by B. F. Lomov.
Translated by D. Rottenberg …………………………………………………….. 260

General Characteristics of Perception …………………………………… 260
Manual Functional Asymmetries and Their Origin ………………….. 265
Experimental Data on Bimanual Interaction in Man ………………… 272
Specific Features of Bimanual Tactile Perception ……………………. 276
The Process of Bimanual Perception …………………………………….. 281
Digital Interaction in the Process of Bimanual Palpation …………. 287
Conditions Required for the Formation of an Integral Image in Bimanual Palpation ……………………………………………………….. 295
Synchronous Bimanual Palpation of Two Objects ………………….. 304

On the Basic Properties of the Mental Image and a General Approach to Their Analogue Simulation, by L. M. Wekker.
Translated by D. Myshne …………………………………………………………. 310

General Historical and Theoretical Premises in Stating the Problem of the Image ……………………………………………………… 310
Concerning Cybernetic Principles of the Theory of Image ………… 314
On the Control Function of the Image ……………………………………. 321
Concerning the Construction of a Mental Image …………………….. 326

Orienting Reflex as Information, by Y. N. Sokolov.
Translated by D. Myshne …………………………………………………………. 330

Criterion for Isolating the Orienting Reflex as an Independent Functional System ……………………………………………………….. 330
Orienting Reflex and Activation Reaction ……………………………… 335
Extinction of the Orienting Reflex and Associative Phenomena … 340
“Nerve Model of the Stimulus” ……………………………………………. 345
Algorithm of the Orienting Reaction During Differentiation of Sound Sequences ……………………………………………………….. 349
Algorithm of the Orienting Reaction in Tactile Perception ………. 359
Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………. 360

Concerning the Activity of Man’s Visual System, by A. N. Leontyev and Y. B. Gippenreiter.
Translated by D. Myshne …………………………………………………………. 361

Development of Perceptual Activity and Formation of a Sensory Image in the Child, by A. V. Zaporozhets and V. P. Zinchenko.
Translated by D. Myshne …………………………………………………………. 395

[Psychology] of Set, by R. Natadze.
Translated by D. Myshne

Method
Preliminary Experiments
The Basic Experiment
Results of the First Variant of the Basic Experiment
Results of the Second Variant of the Basic Experiment
Conclusions

Concerning Time Perception and the Feedback Principle, by D. G. Elkin.
Translated by D. Myshne