This book serves as a guide to the course “An Introduction to Energy Technology,” designed for first-year students specialising in electric power engineering. It is based on lectures established by Prof. V. A. Venikov and delivered at the Moscow Institute of Power Engineering. The book introduces freshmen to the current state, history, challenges, and future prospects of energetics, offering insights into their chosen field and the role of engineers in solving its problems. It also provides guidance on adapting to university-level education, including self-study, lecture engagement, and practical training, while encouraging exploration of literature linking power engineering with various economic and ecological aspects.

Additionally, the book outlines basic safety measures and methods for processing experimental data, fostering a responsible approach to laboratory research. By offering a general overview of energy technology, it helps students develop a broad perspective on power engineering and its societal impact. As the first attempt to formalise this course and its supporting materials, the book is a valuable resource for both students and lecturers in energy and electrical engineering.

Edited by Prof. V. A. Venikov, D. Sc. (Eng.)
Translated from Russian by B. Nikolayev

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Preface 7
Introduction 9
1.1. General 9
1.2. Importance of Energy Technology to Technological Progress 13
1.3. Modern System of Higher Technical Education: Training for Power Engineering 20
1.4. Student’s Study at Institutions of Higher Education 24

Chapter 1. World Energy Resources
1.1. Energy Resources and Their Utilization 29
1.2. Energy Resources and Reserves 39

Chapter 2. Impact of Technology and Energy Industries on the Biosphere
2.1. Relation Between Natural Phenomena and Processes in Manmade Plants 57
2.2. Energy Growth and the Environment 59
2.3. The Biosphere and Technological Progress 63
2.4. Impact of Energy Industries on the Biosphere 71

Chapter 3. Current Methods for Converting Different Forms of Energy into Electricity
3.1. Laws of Conservation of Matter and Energy: Their Significance for Methods of Electric Power Generation 82
3.2. Condensing Power Plants 92
3.3. Heat-Electric Generating Plants 103
3.4. Gas-Turbine Plants 106
3.5. Combined Steam and Gas-Turbine Plants 107
3.6. Hydroelectric Plants 109
3.7. Pumped-Storage Plants 117
3.8. Tidal Power Plants 124
3.9. Nuclear Power Plants 127

Chapter 4. New Methods for Converting Different Forms of Energy into Electricity
4.1. Social Development and Need for New Energy Conversion Techniques 145
4.2. Magnetohydrodynamic Generation 150
4.3. Thermal Converters 157
4.4. Nuclear Batteries 164
4.5. Thermionic Converters 166
4.6. Electrochemical Cells 168
4.7. Geothermal Power Plants 172
4.8. Solar Power Plants 174
4.9. Energy from Breeders and Fusion Reactors 180

Chapter 5. Electric Power Engineering
5.1. Electric Power Industry in the USSR 186
5.2. Utilization of Electric Power in National Economy 198
5.3. Electric Energy Usage 206
5.4. Electric Power System 211
5.5. Theory of Operation and Design Features of Electric Power System Basic Components 215
5.6. Electric Power Transmission 227
5.7. Advantages of Integrated Power Systems 232

Chapter 6. The Control of Large Systems
6.1. Requirements for Operators 239
6.2. Data Control Processes 246
6.3. Means of Control 260
6.4. Electric Power System Control 265

Chapter 7. Experimental and Theoretical Research. Experimental Design and Data Processing
7.1. Purpose of Research into Electric Power Systems 273
7.2. Simulation and Similarity 276
7.3. Models and Simulation Techniques 281
7.4. Application of Models 285
7.5. Simulation Accuracy 295
7.6. Measurement Errors 296
7.7. Processing of Measurement Data 298

Appendix. Key Episodes in the Development of Electrical Engineering and Energy Technology 304
Index 305