In this post, we will see the book by K.M. Bykov; G.Y. Vladimirov; V.V. Delov; G.P. Konradi; A.D. Slonim; K. M. Bykov (Ed.).

About the book

The first edition of this text-book of physiology appeared in 1939. It was reprinted in the difficult war years, while in 1951-53 much of it was rewritten. For the present edition some parts have been abridged and a number of changes and additions made.

In preparing this text-book, the authors sought to reflect as fully as possible all the fundamentally new ideas introduced into physiology by I. P. Pavlov, our teacher and renowned naturalist. Pavlov paved the way for an understanding of the physiological processes in an integral, normal organism that is in natural contact with Ihc external environment. This was achieved by Pavlov not only by introducing and systematically applying his absolutely novel methods of research. Of still greater importance in the creation of a new physiology—the physiology of an integral organism—was Pavlov’s new principle of investigation: this required that all phenomena in an organism be studied in their dependence on the nervous system which through reflexes establishes all the connections of the animal organism with surrounding nature. Precisely this principle underlies Pavlov’s great teaching on conditioned reflexes, which extended ihe principle of scientific determinism to a comprehension of the most intricate phenomena in the world—a knowledge of all forms of activity of the higher parts of the brain, including consciousness.

From this it follows (and we have endeavoured to show il) that the integrating activity of the nervous system, in the true sense of the word, can be understood only if we examine the nervous activity in its entirety as based on the reflex mechanism, in the new, Pavlovian concept. Normally each reflex act is an indissoluble union of conditioned .and unconditioned reflexes; these reflex acts determine the character and course of all physiological processes which depend on the concrete conditions of the existence of animals and of man’s activity.

Such are the fundamental principles which we have tried, within the limits of available factual material, to reflect in this book. The authors realize that; so far they have not fully coped with their task. However, their attempt is justified if only by the fact that even an outline oT the significance of the principles underlying Pavlov’s teaching may in a certain measure help to disseminate them.

The book was translated from Russian by S. Belsky and D. Myshne and translation was edited by D. Myshne. The book was published in by Foreign Languages Publishing House in 1958.

Note: The scan is not of a good resolution but is readable most of the times. The book was scanned under Digital Library of India project. Some of the figures (especially the plates in grayscale and portraits) are not readable due to black and white nature of the original scan.We have cleaned and optimised the original scan as much as possible.

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Preface

PART I Fundamental Concepts of Physiology (K. Bykor and G. Konradi)

Chapter 1. The Subject and Brief History of Physiology 1

Chapter 2. General Characteristics of Principal Vital Phenomena 29

Chapter 3. Regulation of Physiological Functions 43

PART II Blood and Lymph (G. Vladimirov)

Chapter 4. General Characteristics of the Blood 46

Chapter 5. Blood Plasma 50

Chapter 6. The Blood Corpuscles 59

Chapter 7. Regulation of the Blood System 70

Chapter 8. The Lymph 74

PART III Circulation (G. Konradi)

Chapter 9. General Information on Circulation 78

Chapter 10. Pumping Function of the Heart 82

Chapter 11. Physical Phenomena Connected with Cardiac Activity. Cardiac Sounds 91

Chapter 12. Origin and Propagation of Excitation in the Heart. Force of Cardiac Contractions 97

Chapter 13. Regulation of Cardiac Activity 110

Chapter 14. Work of the Heart Under Various Conditions ss the mene Vital Activity 126

Chapter 15. Movement of the Blood Antes the Vessels 130

Chapter 16. Mechanisms Regulating the Vascular Tone 149

Chapter 17. Reflex Regulation of Circulation 160

Chapter 18. Circulatory Changes in Various States of the Body 174

Chapter 19. Peculiarities of Circulation in Certain Vascular Regions 175

PART IV Respiration (G. Konradi)

Chapter 20. Pulmonary Respiration 182

Chapter 21. Respiratory Function of the Blood and Tissue Respiration (G. Vladimirov and G. Konradi) 194

Chapter 22. Regulation of Respiration 210

Chapter 23. Hypoxia and Effect of Altered Atmospheric Pressure on the Body 223

PART V Digestion (K. Bykov)

Chapter 24. Characteristics of Digestion and Foods 234

Chapter 25. Digestion in the Oral Cavity 239

Chapter 26. Digestion in the Stomach 254

Chapter 27. Function of the Pancreas 274

Chapter 28. Secretion and Excretion of Bile 282

Chapter 29. Digestion in the Small and Large Intestines 287

PART VI Absorption (K. Bykov)

Chapter 30. Absorption 301

PART VII Metabolism and Vitamins (G. Vladimiror)

Chapter 31. Metabolism 311

Chapter 32. Vitamins 324

Chapter 33. Mineral and Water Metabolism 333

PART VIII Energy Exchange (A. Slonim)

Chapter 34. Energy Exchange in the Organism 341

Chapter 35. Heat Exchange and Regulation of the Body Temperature
Heat Exchange Between the Body and the External Environment 370

PART IX Excretory Processes (G. Konradi)

Chapter 36. Excretory Function of Kidneys 388

Chapter 37. Rate of Urine production and regulation of Renal Activity 404

PART X Physiology of the Endocrine Glands (G. Vladimirov)

Chapter 39. Methods of Investigating the Functions of the Endocrine Glands 416

Chapter 40. Internal Secretion of the Thyroid and the Parathyroids
Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism 418

Chapter 41. Internal Secretion of the Pancreas 423

Chapter 42. Internal Secretion of the Adrenals 426

Chapter 43. Internal Secretion of the Hypophysis, Epiphysis and Other Glands 429

Chapter 44. Regulation of Endocrine Activity

PART XI Functions of the Sex Glands and Reproduction (A. Slonim)

Chapter 45. Functions of the Sex Glands 436

Chapter 46. Physiological Processes of Reproduction 450

PART XII Physiology of the Muscles and Nerves (V. Delov)

Chapter 47. Physiology of the Muscles 460

Chapter 48. Physiology of the Nerve 482

Chapter 49. Excitability of Nerves and Muscles 487

Chapter 50. The Excitatory Process 501

PART XIII Activity of the Nervous System (G. Konradi)

A. General Characteristics of the Central Nervous System and Theory of Reflexes 516

Chapter 51. Development of the Physiology of the Central Nervous System. 516

Chapter 52. General Characteristics of Reflex Activity 523

Chapter 53. Characteristics of the Excitatory Processes in the
Central Nervous System 536

Chapter 54. Coordination of Reflex Actvity and Phenomena of Central Inhibition 543

Chapter 55. Connections of Nervous Centres with Receptors and Effectors 555

Chapter 56. Vegetative Nervous System 558

Chapter 57. Functions of the Spinal Cord 567

Chapter 58. Functions of Medulla Oblongata 584

Chapter 59. Functions of Midbrain, Cerebellum and Diencephalon 588

Chapter 60. General Characteristics of Conditioned Reflexes and Coupling 605

Chapter 61. Inhibitory Processes in Cerebral Cortex 628

Chapter 62. Interrelations Between Excitatory and Inhibitory Processes in Cerebral Cortex. Analysing and Synthesizing Activity 640

Chapter 63. Types of Nervous System and Functional Pathology of
Cortical Activity 646