Electrical Machines is a comprehensive two-volume work on the theory, design and operation of alternating-current electrical machines. The first volume covers the general principles underlying these machines, including their construction, winding arrangements, electromotive forces, magnetising forces, inductive reactances, heating and cooling. It establishes the theoretical foundations needed to understand the behaviour of electrical machines under different operating conditions.

The second volume examines the principal types of alternating-current machines in greater detail. It covers synchronous machines, including generators, motors and synchronous condensers, their characteristics, parallel operation, short-circuit behaviour and oscillations. It also discusses induction machines, addressing their performance, torque and power, starting methods, speed control and special operating conditions. The final section deals with alternating-current commutator machines, including single-phase and polyphase motors and generators, as well as cascade connections.

Together, the two volumes provide a systematic treatment of the principles and practical operation of synchronous, induction and commutator machines. The work combines theoretical analysis with the study of machine characteristics and operating conditions, making it a reference for students and engineers studying electrical engineering.

Translated from the Russian by Adolphe Tchernukhin (Chernukhin)

You can get Volume 1 here and here

You can get Volume 2 here and here

Twitter https://x.com/MirTitles

Mastadon https://mastodon.social/@mirtitles

Bluesky https://bsky.app/profile/mirtitles.bsky.social

Tumblr https://www.tumblr.com/mirtitles

Internet Archive https://archive.org/details/mir-titles

Fork us on gitlab https://gitlab.com/mirtitles

Volume 1

Preface

Introduction

1-1. Principal Stages in Electrical Machine-Building Development

1-2. Development of Soviet Electrical Machine-Engineering

1-3. Basic Quantities and Systems of Units

1-4. Rationalisation of Electromagnetic Field Equations

1-5. Materials Used in Electrical Machine-Building

Section One: Direct Current Machines

Chapter One. The Fundamental Type of Direct Current Machine and Its Design Elements

1-1. Brief Outline of Direct Current Machine Development

1-2. Fundamental Type of Direct Current Machine

1-3. Conversion of Alternating Current into Direct Current by Means of a Commutator

1-4. Main Structural Elements of a Direct Current Machine

1-5. Ratings

Chapter Two. The D.C. Machine Magnetic Circuit on No-Load

2-1. Introduction

2-2. Magnetic Circuit of a Direct Current Machine. Determination of Main M.M.F.

2-3. Air-Gap. Air-Gap Flux Density Distribution Curve

2-4. Reduction Method. The Calculated Pole Arc Value

2-5. Calculated Armature Length

2-6. M.M.F. of Air-Gap for a Smooth Armature

2-7. M.M.F. of Slotted Armature Gap

2-8. Air-Gap Data

2-9. M.M.F. of Tooth Section

2-10. M.M.F. of Armature Core Section

2-11. M.M.F. of Poles and Yoke

2-12. Magnetisation Curve

2-13. Numerical Example

Chapter Three. Windings and E.M.F. of Direct Current Machine Armature

3-1. Introduction

3-2. Classification of Armature Windings

3-3. Formulas for Assembling Ring-Type Armature Simple Windings and Their Fundamental Characteristics

3-4. Simple Lap Winding for Ring-Type Armature

3-5. Simple Wave Winding for a Ring Armature

3-6. E.M.F. of Ring Armature

3-7. Drum-Type Winding Assembling Principles

3-8. Features of Drum Armature Winding

3-9. Winding Pitches

3-10. Examples of Simple Lap Winding

3-11. Simple Wave Winding for a Drum Armature

3-12. Special Types of Wave Windings

3-13. Multiplex Lap Winding

3-14. Multiplex Wave Winding

3-15. Conditions for Armature Winding Symmetry

3-16. Equalisers

3-17. Special Armature Windings of the Composite Type

3-18. Comparison of Different Winding Characteristics

3-19. E.M.F. of Drum Armature Windings

Chapter Four. Armature Reaction

4-1. M.M.F. of Machine on Load

4-2. Armature Cross- and Direct-Axis M.M.F.

4-3. Armature Reaction in a Generator

4-4. Effect of Direct-Axis Armature Reaction on Machine E.M.F.

4-5. Armature Reaction in a Motor

Chapter Five. Commutation

5-1. Introduction. Standard Sparking Scale

5-2. Commutation Process

5-3. E.M.F. of Circuit Undergoing Commutation

5-4. Commutation Equation when \(b_{br}=b_c\)

5-5. Resistance Commutation

5-6. Commutation with E.M.F.s Acting

5-7. Commutation when \(b_{br}=b_c\), \(2r_w+r_c=0\) and \(e_i+e_c\ne 0\)

5-8. Determination of E.M.F. of Self-Induction \(e_i\) for \(b_{br}=b_c\)

5-9. The Coil Section Commutating E.M.F. \(e_c\)

5-10. Commutation when Brush Width Is \(b_{br}>b_c\)

5-11. Commutation Armature Reaction

5-12. Electromagnetic Sources of Sparking

5-13. Potential Causes of Sparking

5-14. Mechanical Causes of Sparking

5-15. Contemporary Conceptions on the Nature of the Commutation Process

Chapter Six. Means of Improving Commutation and Methods of Its Investigation

6-1. Means for Mitigating Sparking of Electromagnetic Origin

6-2. Reduction of the Reactive E.M.F.

6-3. Creation of a Commutating Field by Shifting the Brushes from Neutral

6-4. Creation of a Commutating Field by Means of Commutating Poles

6-5. Effect of Commutating Poles on the Main Field

6-6. Effect of Commutating Pole Saturation on Commutation

6-7. Compensation Winding

6-8. Additional Methods of Protection Against Flashovers

6-9. Brushes and Their Characteristics

6-10. The Nature of Brush Contact

6-11. Experimental Methods of Analysis and Adjustment of Commutation

Chapter Seven. Energy Losses and Efficiency of Electrical Machines

7-1. Preliminary

7-2. Classification of Losses

7-3. Mechanical Losses

7-4. Principal Core Losses

7-5. Principal Copper Losses

7-6. Additional Losses

7-7. Total Losses in D.C. Machines and Their Efficiency

Chapter Eight. Direct Current Generators

8-1. Preliminary

8-2. Classification of D.C. Generators According to Method of Field Excitation

8-3. The Energy Conversion Process in the D.C. Generator

8-4. Equation of Generator E.M.F. at \(n=\mathrm{const.}\)

8-5. The Electromagnetic Torque of the Generator

8-6. Generator Torque Equation

8-7. The Fundamental Characteristics of a D.C. Generator

8-8. Characteristics of the Separately Excited Generator

8-9. Characteristic Curves of Shunt Generators

8-10. The Series Generator

8-11. Compound Generator

Chapter Nine. Parallel Operation of D.C. Generators

9-1. General Considerations

9-2. Parallel Operation of Shunt Generators

9-3. Parallel Operation of Compound Generators

Chapter Ten. Direct Current Motors

10-1. Reversibility Principle of Electrical Machines

10-2. Classification of D.C. Motors

10-3. The Energy Process and Energy Diagram of D.C. Motors

10-4. Equation for Motor E.M.F.

10-5. Motor Torque Equation

10-6. Motor Characteristics

10-7. Methods of Starting D.C. Motors

10-8. Non-Rheostatic Start of Motor

10-9. Rheostatic Starting Method. Starting Rheostats

10-10. Starting Motors with the Help of Special Units

10-11. Motor Performance Characteristics

10-12. Mechanical Characteristics of D.C. Motors: \(n=f(M)\)

10-13. Braking Characteristics of D.C. Motors

10-14. Speed Control Characteristics of D.C. Motors

10-15. Motor Speed Regulation by a Rheostat in the Armature Circuit

10-16. Motor Speed Regulation by Variable Excitation

10-17. Motor Speed Regulation by Varying the Voltage Applied to the Circuit

Chapter Eleven. Fundamental and Special Types of D.C. Machines and Their Future Development

11-1. Preliminary

11-2. Fundamental Types of D.C. Machines

11-3. Special Types of D.C. Machines

Section Two: Transformers

Chapter Twelve. Fundamentals and Construction Elements of Transformers

12-1. Progress in Transformer Engineering

12-2. Fundamental Definitions

12-3. Basic Types of Transformers

12-4. Transformer Ratings

12-5. Basic Construction Elements of Transformers

Chapter Thirteen. Physical Conditions of Transformer Operation

13-1. Principle of Operation

13-2. M.M.F. and E.M.F. Transformer Equations

13-3. Transformation Ratio of Transformer E.M.F.

13-4. M.M.F. and E.M.F. Equations for Sine-Wave Variation of Voltages and Currents

13-5. The Reduced Transformer

13-6. M.M.F. and E.M.F. Equations for the Reduced Transformer

13-7. Transformer Equivalent Circuit

Chapter Fourteen. Transformer on No-Load

14-1. Preliminary

14-2. No-Load Operation of a Single-Phase Transformer

14-3. No-Load Operation of an Elementary Transformer

14-4. No-Load Operation of a Commercial Single-Phase Transformer

14-5. No-Load Transformer Losses

14-6. The Effect of Voltage-Curve Shape on Steel Losses

14-7. No-Load Transformer Equivalent Circuit

14-8. No-Load Transformer Test

Chapter Fifteen. Classification of Magnetic Systems and Winding Connections for Three-Phase Transformers. E.M.F.s of Three-Phase Transformers

15-1. Classification of Three-Phase Transformer Magnetic Systems

15-2. Methods of Connecting Three-Phase Transformer Windings

15-3. Three-Phase Winding E.M.F.s

15-4. Star-Connected Three-Phase Winding

15-5. Delta-Connected Three-Phase Winding

15-6. Zigzag-Connected Three-Phase Winding

15-7. Standard Methods of Connecting Three-Phase Transformer Windings

15-8. Winding Diagrams and Connection Groups

15-9. Application of Various Winding Connection Methods

Chapter Sixteen. No-Load Operation of Three-Phase Transformer

16-1. Transformer on No-Load with Y/Y₀–12 Winding Connection

16-2. Transformer on No-Load with Y/Y Winding Connection

16-3. Transformer on No-Load with Y/Δ Winding Connection

16-4. Y₀/Y₀–12 Connection with a Tertiary Winding

16-5. Characteristic Data for No-Load Transformer Operation

Chapter Seventeen. Short-Circuit Operation of Transformers. Magnetic Leakage in Transformers

17-1. Preliminary

17-2. Impedance Voltage

17-3. Physical Conditions of Transformer Operation at Short Circuit

17-4. Short-Circuit Diagram of Reduced Transformer

17-5. Equivalent Circuit of Transformer on Short Circuit

17-6. Transformer Short-Circuit Triangle

17-7. Short-Circuit Losses

17-8. Determination of Short-Circuit Parameters

17-9. Short Circuit of Three-Phase Transformers

17-10. Leakage in Transformers with Concentric and Sandwich Windings

Chapter Eighteen. Transformers on Load

18-1. Preliminary

18-2. Elementary Transformer on Load

18-3. Real Transformer on Load

18-4. Vector Diagrams of the Equivalent Transformer

18-5. Simplified Vector Diagrams of the Transformer

18-6. The Relationship \(U’_2=f(\cos\varphi_2)\)

18-7. Determination of Secondary Voltage Variation \(\Delta U\)

18-8. Transformer External Characteristics

18-9. Transformer Efficiency

18-10. Numerical Example

Chapter Nineteen. Unbalanced Conditions in Three-Phase Transformers

19-1. Preliminary

19-2. Symmetrical Component Analysis

19-3. Assumptions Used for Unbalanced Short-Circuit Analysis

19-4. Single-Phase Short Circuit of Transformer with Y/Y₀-Connected Windings

19-5. Diagram of Single-Phase Short Circuit of Transformer with Y/Y₀-Connected Windings

19-6. Determination of Zero-Sequence Resistance

19-7. Unbalanced Loading of Transformer with Y/Δ-Connected Windings

19-8. Single-Phase Short Circuit of Transformer with Δ/Y₀-Connected Windings

19-9. Two-Phase Short Circuit of Transformer with Y/Y-Connected Windings

19-10. Unbalanced Loading of Transformer with Y/Y-Connected Windings

19-11. Transformer Operation with Open-Delta Connection

Chapter Twenty. Parallel Operation of Transformers

20-1. Stipulations for Parallel Operation of Transformers

20-2. Parallel Operation of Transformers with Unequal Transformation Ratios

20-3. Parallel Operation of Transformers Belonging to Different Groups

20-4. Parallel Operation of Transformers with Unequal Impedance Voltages

Chapter Twenty-One. Transient Phenomena in Transformers

21-1. Classification of Transients

21-2. Overcurrents

21-3. Short-Circuit Thermal Phenomena

21-4. Mechanical Stresses Accompanying Sudden Short Circuits

21-5. Cause and Nature of Overvoltages in Transformers

21-6. Transformer Equivalent Circuit for Overvoltages

21-7. Initial Voltage Distribution Along Transformer Windings

21-8. Transfer Process and Final Voltage Distribution

21-9. Transformer Overvoltage Protection

Chapter Twenty-Two. Special Types of Transformers

22-1. General

22-2. Autotransformers

22-3. Three-Circuit Transformers

22-4. Transformers with Voltage Regulation Under Load

22-5. Transformers with Continuous Voltage Regulation

22-6. Transformers for Mercury Arc Rectifiers (Rectifier Transformers)

22-7. Test Transformers

22-8. Welding Transformers

22-9. Brief Information on Various Types of Transformers

Volume 2

Notation

Part One: General Information on A.C. Machines

Chapter 1. Basic Types of A.C. Machines and Their Design

1-1. Basic Types of A.C. Machines 1-2. Operating Principle of an Asynchronous Machine 1-3. Fundamental Designs of Synchronous Machines 1-4. Design of Non-Salient-Pole Synchronous Machines 1-5. Turbogenerators for Atomic Power Stations 1-6. Design of Salient-Pole Synchronous Machines 1-7. High-Frequency and Special Synchronous Machines 1-8. Principal Elements of Non-Commutator Induction Machines 1-9. Operating Principle of the Induction Machine 1-10. Operating Conditions of the Induction Machine 1-11. Fundamental Relations. Electromagnetic Torque of the Induction Machine 1-12. Principle of A.C. Machine Winding Design

Chapter 2. Electromotive Forces in A.C. Machine Windings

2-1. Basic Characteristics of A.C. Machine E.M.F. 2-2. E.M.F. of a Conductor 2-3. E.M.F. of a Turn and of a Concentrated Winding with a Full (Diametrical) Pitch 2-4. E.M.F. of a Full-Pitch Distributed Winding 2-5. E.M.F. of a Concentrated Short-Pitch Winding 2-6. General Expression for E.M.F. of A.C. Machine Armature Winding 2-7. Combination of E.M.F.s

Chapter 3. Windings of Alternating-Current Machines

3-1. Three-Phase Double-Layer Lap Windings with \(q\) an Integer 3-2. Three-Phase Double-Layer Wave Windings with \(q\) an Integer 3-3. Three-Phase Single-Layer Windings with Coils of Equal Width 3-4. Three-Phase Single-Layer Concentric Windings with a Whole Number of Slots per Pole per Phase 3-5. E.M.F.s Due to Tooth-Ripple Harmonics 3-6. Three-Phase Fractional-Slot Windings 3-7. Insulation of Windings

Chapter 4. Magnetising Force of Alternating-Current Windings

4-1. General 4-2. Equations of Pulsating and Travelling Waves 4-3. Magnetising Force of a Winding Phase 4-4. Magnetising Force of a Three-Phase Winding 4-5. Analysis of Magnetising Force Curve of Integral-Slot \(q\) Windings 4-6. Magnetising Force of Fractional-Pitch Windings 4-7. Magnetic Field of an A.C. Winding

Chapter 5. Inductive Reactances of A.C. Machine Windings

5-1. Inductive Reactances of Air-Gap Magnetic Fields 5-2. General Expressions for Inductive Leakage Reactances 5-3. Slot Permeance 5-4. Permeance of End Connections 5-5. Differential Leakage Inductive Reactance 5-6. Leakage Inductive Reactances of Stator and Rotor Windings of a Synchronous Machine

Chapter 6. Heating and Cooling of Rotating Electrical Machines

6-1. Insulating Materials Used in Electrical Machinery and Their Required Properties 6-2. Permissible Temperature Limits and Temperature-Rise Limits 6-3. Heat Transfer in Electrical Machines 6-4. Theory of Solid-Body Heating 6-5. Main Rated Machine Duties 6-6. Machine Heating in Continuous Duty 6-7. Machine Heating in Short-Time Duty 6-8. Machine Heating in Short-Time Intermittent Duty 6-9. Ventilation of Electrical Machines

Chapter 7. Cooling Systems for Turbogenerators and Hydrogenerators

7-1. Ventilation of Turbogenerators with Ordinary Cooling 7-2. Systems of Direct Cooling of Turbogenerator Windings 7-3. The Main Trends in the Development of Turbogenerator Cooling 7-4. Cooling Systems for Hydrogenerators

Part Two: Synchronous Machines

Chapter 8. Armature Reaction of a Synchronous Machine at Balanced Load

8-1. Armature-Reaction Phenomenon in a Polyphase Synchronous Generator at Balanced Load 8-2. Armature Reaction of a Non-Salient-Pole Synchronous Machine 8-3. Armature Reaction of a Salient-Pole Synchronous Machine. Two-Reaction Theory

Chapter 9. Voltage Diagrams of a Three-Phase Synchronous Generator at Balanced Load

9-1. General 9-2. E.M.F. and Potier Diagrams of a Three-Phase Non-Salient-Pole Synchronous Generator 9-3. E.M.F. Diagram of a Salient-Pole Three-Phase Synchronous Generator at Balanced Load (Blondel Diagram) 9-4. Modified E.M.F. Diagram 9-5. E.M.F. Diagram for Short Circuit 9-6. Synchronous Machine Inductive Reactances in Steady-State Balanced Operation 9-7. Determination of Voltage Rise and Drop by Means of Voltage Diagrams 9-8. Determination of Voltage Change from the E.M.F. Diagram for a Salient-Pole Machine According to Design Data 9-9. Determination of Voltage Change by Means of the Potier Diagram 9-10. Simplified Practical Diagram (Swedish Diagram) 9-11. Determination of Voltage Change by the Simplified E.M.F. Diagram 9-12. Experimental Data of E.M.F. Diagram Comparison

Chapter 10. Single-Phase Synchronous Generator

10-1. Armature Reaction of a Single-Phase Generator 10-2. Voltage Diagram of a Single-Phase Generator 10-3. Comparison of Output of Single-Phase and Three-Phase Synchronous Generators of the Same Size

Chapter 11. Characteristics of a Synchronous Generator

11-1. System of Relative Units (Per-Unit Values) 11-2. No-Load Characteristic 11-3. Short-Circuit Characteristic 11-4. Short-Circuit Ratio 11-5. Load Characteristics 11-6. External Characteristics 11-7. Regulation Characteristics 11-8. Losses and Efficiency of a Synchronous Generator

Chapter 12. Parallel Operation of Synchronous Machines

12-1. General 12-2. Parallel Connection of Synchronous Generators 12-3. Angle Characteristics of a Synchronous Machine 12-4. Static Overload Capacity of a Synchronous Machine Operating in Parallel in an Electrical System 12-5. Generator and Motor Duties. Overexcitation and Underexcitation of a Synchronous Machine 12-6. Current Diagrams of Synchronous Machines

Chapter 13. Synchronous Motor and Synchronous Condenser

13-1. Physical Aspects of Synchronous Machine Motoring Duty 13-2. Powers and Torques of a Synchronous Motor 13-3. Voltage Diagrams of a Synchronous Motor 13-4. Synchronous Motor Operating from a High-Capacity Power System 13-5. Performance Characteristics of a Synchronous Motor 13-6. Methods of Starting Synchronous Motors 13-7. Features of Asynchronous Starting of Synchronous Motors 13-8. Methods of Asynchronous Starting 13-9. Synchronous Condenser

Chapter 14. Asymmetrical Steady-State Duties of a Three-Phase Synchronous Generator

14-1. General 14-2. Reactances and Resistances of a Synchronous Machine for Currents of Various Sequences 14-3. Asymmetrical Short Circuits of a Three-Phase Synchronous Generator 14-4. Voltage Diagrams for Short Circuits 14-5. Voltage Diagrams for Unbalanced Load 14-6. Construction of Short-Circuit Triangles for a Generator, with Account of Magnetic-Circuit Saturation

Chapter 15. Sudden Short Circuit of a Synchronous Machine

15-1. Physical Picture of a Sudden Short Circuit 15-2. Flux Linkages of Stator and Rotor Windings of a Synchronous Machine 15-3. Analytical Investigation of the Sudden Short-Circuit Process 15-4. Sudden Short Circuit of a Synchronous Non-Salient-Pole Machine with Damper Windings on the Direct and Quadrature Axes 15-5. Equivalent Circuits for Synchronous Machine Inductive Reactances with a Sudden Short Circuit 15-6. Time Constants of a Symmetrical Polyphase Short Circuit 15-7. Sudden Short Circuit of a Polyphase Salient-Pole Synchronous Machine 15-8. Total, Maximum Asymmetric and Effective Currents of a Polyphase Symmetrical Short Circuit 15-9. Sudden Asymmetrical Short Circuit of a Synchronous Machine

Chapter 16. Oscillations of Synchronous Machines

16-1. General Physical Picture of Oscillations 16-2. Forced Oscillations of a Synchronous Machine 16-3. Natural and Forced Oscillations of a Synchronous Generator on an Infinite-Power Busbar 16-4. Forced Oscillations of a Synchronous Generator Operating …

Chapter 17. Rotary Converter

17-1. Operating Principle of a Rotary Converter 17-2. Relations Between Converter E.M.F.s 17-3. Relations Between Converter Currents 17-4. Losses in the Armature Winding of a Converter 17-5. Starting of a Converter 17-6. Voltage Regulation of a Converter 17-7. Oscillations of a Converter 17-8. Application of Converters

Part Three: Induction Machines

Chapter 18. Three-Phase Induction Machine with Locked Rotor

18-1. General 18-2. Induction Machine on No-Load, \(n = 0\) 18-3. Short Circuit of an Induction Machine 18-4. Squirrel-Cage Parameters 18-5. Locked-Rotor Induction Machine Under Load 18-6. The Induction Regulator

Chapter 19. Three-Phase Induction Machine with Rotor Running

19-1. Principal Phenomena 19-2. Rotor E.M.F. Equation and Current 19-3. Speed of Rotation of Rotor Magnetising Force 19-4. Magnetising Force Equation and Flux Vector Diagrams of an Induction Machine 19-5. Equivalent Circuits of an Induction Machine 19-6. Operating Conditions and Vector Diagrams of an Induction Machine

Chapter 20. Torques and Power of an Induction Machine

20-1. Energy Diagrams of an Induction Machine 20-2. Torques of an Induction Machine 20-3. Electromagnetic Torque of an Induction Machine 20-4. Relation Between Torque and Slip 20-5. Maximum Electromagnetic Torque and Maximum Power 20-6. Starting Torque of an Induction Motor 20-7. Relation Between Torque and Resistance of Rotor Circuit 20-8. Relation Between Torque and Frequency, \(f_1\), with … = constant (OCR unclear) 20-9. Kloss’s Formula for Relative Torque 20-10. Maximum Mechanical Power 20-11. Hysteresis Torque 20-12. Parasitic Torques of an Induction Motor 20-13. Asynchronous Parasitic Torques 20-14. Tooth-Ripple Harmonics 20-15. Synchronous Torques 20-16. Vibration Torques 20-17. Preventive Measures Against Parasitic Torques 20-18. Performance Characteristics of an Induction Motor

Chapter 21. Circle Diagrams for an Induction Machine

21-1. Main Concepts of the Theory of Loci of A.C. Machines in Symbolic Form 21-2. Improved Circle Diagram 21-3. Precise Circle Diagram 21-4. Current Loci for Induction Machines with Variable Parameters 21-5. No-Load Test 21-6. Short-Circuit Test 21-7. Construction of Circle Diagrams According to Experimental Data 21-8. Application of Approximate Circle Diagram

Chapter 22. Starting of Three-Phase Induction Motors

22-1. General 22-2. Starting Currents of Induction Motors 22-3. Disconnection of an Induction Motor from the Line 22-4. Acceleration of an Induction Motor at Starting 22-5. Starting of Phase-Wound Motors 22-6. Starting of Squirrel-Cage Motors

Chapter 23. Induction Motors Using Skin Effect in the Rotor Winding

23-1. Double Squirrel-Cage Motor 23-2. Deep-Bar Motor 23-3. Comparison of Double Squirrel-Cage and Deep-Bar Motors 23-4. Calculation of Starting Characteristics of a Salient-Pole Synchronous Motor with a Damper System

Chapter 24. Speed Control of Three-Phase Induction Motors

24-1. Methods of Speed Control 24-2. Changing the Number of Poles 24-3. Changing the Primary Frequency 24-4. Changing the Resistance in the Rotor 24-5. Cascaded Induction Motors

Chapter 25. Single-Phase Induction Motors

25-1. Principle of Operation 25-2. Equivalent Circuit for a Single-Phase Motor 25-3. Circle Diagram of a Single-Phase Motor

Chapter 26. Special Operating Conditions and Types of Induction Machines

26-1. Electrical Braking of Induction Motors 26-2. Doubly Fed Induction Motor 26-3. Electromagnetic Slipping Clutches 26-4. Induction Machines for Automatic Devices

Part Four: Alternating-Current Commutator Machines

Chapter 27. General Theoretical Problems

27-1. Brief History of A.C. Commutator Machines 27-2. E.M.F.s Induced in the Armature of an A.C. Commutator Machine 27-3. Armature Currents of an A.C. Commutator Machine 27-4. Armature-Winding Magnetising Force of a Polyphase Commutator Machine 27-5. Commutation in A.C. Commutator Machines

Chapter 28. Single-Phase Commutator Motors

28-1. Principle of Operation and Torque of a Single-Phase Series Motor 28-2. Vector Diagram of a Single-Phase Series Motor 28-3. Methods of Improving Commutation of Single-Phase Series Motors 28-4. Characteristics of a Single-Phase Series Motor 28-5. Application of Single-Phase Commutator Motors 28-6. Repulsion Motor with Two Windings on the Stator 28-7. Repulsion Motor with One Winding on the Stator and One Set of Brushes (Thomson Motor) 28-8. Characteristics of a Thomson Repulsion Motor 28-9. Repulsion Motor with One Winding on the Stator and Two Sets of Brushes (Deri Motor)

Chapter 29. Three-Phase Shunt and Series Commutator Motors

29-1. General 29-2. General Principles of Shunt Polyphase Commutator Machines 29-3. General Equations of Polyphase Shunt Commutator Machine Operation and Their Circle Diagrams 29-4. Introduction of an Additional E.M.F. into the Secondary Circuit of an Induction Machine 29-5. Power Supplied from the Source of an Additional E.M.F. 29-6. Frequency Conversion by Means of a Commutator 29-7. Three-Phase Shunt Motor with Double Set of Brushes (Schrage-Richter Motor) 29-8. Regulation of Speed and Power Factor of Schrage-Richter Motor 29-9. Vector Diagrams of Schrage-Richter Motor 29-10. Characteristics of Schrage-Richter Motor 29-11. Three-Phase Series Commutator Motor: Diagrams and Operating Principle 29-12. Fundamental Equations of Three-Phase Series Commutator Motors 29-13. Circle Diagrams of Current and Voltage 29-14. Connection Diagrams of a Three-Phase Series Commutator Motor, Its Characteristics and Applications

Chapter 30. Cascade Connections of Induction and Commutator Machines

30-1. General 30-2. Mechanical Cascade of an Induction Motor with a Rotary Converter and a D.C. Motor as the Regulating Machine (Kramer Cascade) 30-3. Cascade with Electrical Connection (Scherbius Cascade) 30-4. Characteristics of Mechanical and Electrical Cascade Connections

Chapter 31. Polyphase Commutator Generators

31-1. Operating Principle and Fundamental Relations 31-2. Compensated Commutator Salient-Pole Generator with Field Winding on the Stator (Scherbius Generator) 31-3. Compensated Commutator Non-Salient-Pole Generator 31-4. Applications of a Commutator Generator 31-5. Thyristors or Silicon-Controlled Rectifiers

Bibliography

Index